Wage Discrimination Against Women

“Imagine you 're a little girl. You 're growing up. You practice as hard as you can, with girls, with boys. You have a dream. You fight, you work, you sacrifice to get to this stage. You work as hard as anyone you know. And then you get to this stage, and you 're told you 're not the same as a boy. Almost as good, but not quite the same. Think how devastating and demoralizing that could be” Venus Williams. For years, women have worked as hard as men to get an education, get their dream job, or even get a promotion in a job they are currently at so they can earn less pay than a man and not even know it. They take on these important roles and titles as a manager or take on more jobs than they can handle to prove they are worthy as the next guy and to receive no raise or still underpaid to the guy who does not work as hard or have the same job title. However, women and men have begun to see this a problem and started to work together to make a change. Women makeup over half the workforce and are seen, if not equal, or are the breadwinner in four out of ten families (About Pay Equity & Discrimination 1). Women in the workforce should earn the same pay as men because they work hard to get an education, their race should not play into an effect, and they support a family.

What are possible reasons, according to the author, for why the issue of unequal pay among women of color in particular does not garner national media attention?

In today's society women are still discriminated like they were many years ago. It is not as bad and they have gained many more rights over the years, but there are still equality problems like how much they get paid. All over the states women are faced with unequal pay for working the same exact job that men are, as low as getting 66% of what men make. To solve this problem of unequal pay for women the Senate could pass the Paycheck Fairness Act that has been denied many times over the years. There are ideas that certain occupations are only meant to be for a certain gender, which limits both men and women from possibly achieving their dream job. Women face oppression in society all the time because they have a certain set of standards they

Women’s pay has long been a subject in the economic community and to a further extent society. With arguments being presented from both sides, but one thing cannot be disputed there is a gender based wage gap between women and men. Why is there a gap and how can society in the United States change that? First we must examine women in the workforce. Then ask why it happens then figure out how we can put an end to the pay gap.

“I am delighted today to approve the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which prohibits arbitrary discrimination against women in the payment of wages.” President John F. Kennedy had said this when he signed the Fair Pay Act on June 10, 1963. This is what women were working for before there was equality like there is today. However, there are many people today that believe that there is still discrimination in the wage gap were women will only make 80 cents to every man's dollar.

As a future working woman, I have come to realize that the work I have done thus far for my career will simply not be adequate. I will not at any given point deem myself less valuable than any of my future male co-workers, who are on the same standing as I am. Yet despite similar testimonies, many American women today still face pay discrimination which has grown to become a major dilemma that shortchanges these women as well as their families.

There is no hierarchy of needs but sex discrimination would not be prioritized by Black women because of the silence of the women’s right movement on the issue of race . hooks (2002) argued that the understanding central to modern feminist thinking is that all women are oppressed which implies that all women are oppressed to the same degree, within the sole do-main of their gender. This understanding assumes that all women have common shared experi-ence to oppression based on social spheres such as race, class, sexual orientation and as a result it fails to conceive the disparate levels to which sexism is a part of institutionalized systems of domination that does not solely determine the fate or experiences of all women. When consider-ation

Purpose: The purpose is to highlight the gender wage gap and focus on the discrimination against working women

The oppression of women through occupationally established sex segregation and the gender wage difference remains an important economic discussion. The overall gender wage gap has fallen significantly since 1890 to its current rate of 21.4%. Women are making great strides increasing their labor market experience and skills. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics Report 58.6% of women make up the labor force, 50.2% have multiple jobs, and 75.4% of single mothers are in the labor force. Today more women are head of households. Despite all the progress a large gender pay gap still exist. This is not simply a result of women’s choices, but structural, economic and social barriers that limit women’s ability to compete resulting in lower pay.

From the beginning of time the male and female have been expected to perform certain roles in society. Males have been expected to work and provide for their family while the female raises the children, cooks, cleans and keeps the house in order. Today many women have broken that tradition and are starting their careers and becoming more independent. Even though females today are braking away from that stereotype, they are being discriminated in the work place because there are still individuals out there that believe that women should play a certain role and that they are not strong enough to work in a cooperation or

Motivation for the Research: In recent years, globalization and international trade has become a significant issue for countries. Consumers tend to use more goods and services and due to the lack of resources, the need to trade with other countries seems to be inevitable. Assuming that globalization would occur, labor factors become noteworthy. Although growth in international trade provide more job opportunities for people, there are still inequality in wage between male and female labors.

Villarreal and Yu used data from representative surveys of manufacturing firms and found that foreign and export-oriented firms employ significantly more women at every occupational level than do nationally-owned firms producing goods for sale in the domestic market. However, they also found that foreign-owned export firms discriminate against women less in terms of wages. Many researchers believe that investing in foreign and international trade limit economic development, increase inequality, and produce unfavorable outcomes for less developed nations. This means that the effects of economic integration on the inequality of gender will go less noticed. However, evidence suggests that globalization may in fact provide several benefits for women, as international trade increases women’s employment in less developed countries. Export industries normally employ a remarkably high percentage of women due to the labor-intensive industries (garment and electronics industries), where women receive lower wages and are provided little to no job security.

Throughout the years women have made great effort to become equal to men. This effort has led to great advances in the movement, but not all of the problems are solved yet. One of the main problems as of right now is the unequal treatment of men and women in the work place. Women are not equal to men in the workplace because of unequal pay, a lack of women in managerial positions, and sexual harassment in the work place.

Gender discrimination against women is out of control across the world and seeps into many aspects of women 's lives. This discrimination harms women in two ways. First, women directly experience stressful events. The experience of sexism is so common that some research suggests women can experience one to two instances of everyday sexism. But women aren 't only harmed by sexism through the physical stress caused by others. They are harmed to the extent that they internalize and adopt these sexist attitudes that can manifest as poor self-concept. This negative self-concept often obvious on a subconscious level, as women and men will demonstrate automatic negative biases against women (Ferguson, 2013).

This paper explores the dynamics of gender wage discrimination in Pakistan for two data sets; Labour Force Survey for the year 2008/09 and 2010/11. We will explore whether or not women are discriminated against, as it has been suggested for a predominantly Islamic country like Pakistan.