Waitakere Range Research Paper

The next topic for discussion in this paper is ecology. This will include, in order of discussion: distribution and habitats; food sources; predators and parasites; and lastly, behavior and habits.

There are definitely more factors that are associated with the population cycles of predator species and prey species within an ecological community than most students have the opportunity to fully explore.

Invasive species are annihilating the population of native species. One example of an invasive species is the python. These creatures are invading Florida and decreasing the population of other species; they may reach New York in 2100. Pythons are extremely elusive, so it’s hard to catch them. Another example of an invasive species are the starling birds; these birds can roost in hordes up to 1 million. Starling birds are lethal because of their droppings which cause diseases. Additionally,

Since the beginning of time, people have had a few basic needs. Somewhere to live, and most importantly, something to eat. Nature works within a very delicate balance, and one of the biggest challenges we face is the battle to keep our food supply plentiful and safe. Various plants, animals and other organisms can threaten our food supply, along with our health and comfort. When they display a threat we consider them to be pests, and their impact is never taken lightly.

In Idlewood, the open area was the second to least populous and had the least number of different species. While Tyler State park’s open area has the second to most diverse and populous recorded number of birds. The open area in Idlewood included a grassy field that was cultivated by humans for recreational reasons, but the open area in Tyler State Park included a farmland and the shrubs alongside of it which is the cause for the difference in population and diversity among the two areas. All habitats have limited space because of their boundaries (which were established in the classroom and can be found in the Field Study) but some habitats, such as the young forest, are able to provide more space for more species than other habitats, such as the wetlands. In regards to species diversity, Idlewood’s mature forest has the highest species diversity percentage at 8.52 because of the species: population ratio. Tyler State Park’s young forest has the highest species diversity percentage at 12.88 because it had a higher number of different species than the other

Parasitic wasps and flies lay their eggs either in the egg masses or in the larvae of tussock moths (Wickman et al. 1981). Spiders, predaceous insects, and birds also prey upon all life stages of the Douglas-fir tussock moth (Brooks et al. 1978). These parasites and predators are only effective when populations of Douglas-fir tussock moths are low, due to the concept of predator satiation. This concept basically says that predators receive enough food when populations of the prey are high, but hunt their prey more intensively when prey populations are low (Harrison and Wilcox 1995). Harrison and Wilcox (1995) showed this with tussock moths in that outbreaks could be prevented by introducing predators of tussock moths when moth population numbers were

A place without life is hardly even a place at all. The waves would flow over the oceans rocks, the sun would shine on the green leaves without prevail. The world builds with pollution, plants expand, and food virtually ends. In an environment, lacking the fundamentals of life, the existence of humans would experience complications of survival and health. The living cells of species provide a world of opportunity, health, and life. Over the last one hundred years, the population of endangered species has drastically risen. With the inadequate decisions regarding living species, the rate of endangered and threatened species will continue to increase. Through many different developments, species can be considered endangered or threatened and this condition can result from a multitude of factors and direct effects to the species. Groups, services, and organizations work together to protect these species through conservation practices and government assistance.

Uncommon species usually constitute significant extents of the community. (Saether 2013) Since we learned that a community is group of population of diverse organisms living together at the same place and same time. However, a diverse occasion over time that disrupts community, stem and changes physical environment is called community diversity. Every community has its own physical structure like, size or shape, vertical or horizontal. There is many factors that can affect community diversity, for instance environmental complexity, species interactions, disturbance, etc... A Forest experience change over time and tolerate with different stages through a process called succession. After this trip, students are able to explain the process of succession and how it can develop over time. Also, we predicted that abiotic conditions and biotic conditions influence the change of a community. (Ecology Lecture notes.) We need to determine by collection all these data if the LaBagh Woods is stable or in

How has the introduction of predators affected NZ? What solutions are being explored? What issues surround the eradication programs?

The introduction of an invasive species can change the organization and functioning of the native communities through various processes such as predation, parasite transfer or competitive exclusion. The two main explanations why some exotic species become invasive species are superiority in competition and the opportunistic use of ecological niches generated by human activities. (Nishizawa). Invasive species contributed to the decline of 42% of the threatened and endangered species in the United States. Not only that, invasive species’ impact is about five percent of the world’s economy. (Pimentel et al. 2005). For example, we were conducting an experiment with an invasive species called Elephant Ears. Elephant ears can be invasive

These 14 species are distributed differently across the area of study, with some species dominating specific areas while others are distributed scattered around the site (Figure 8).

Sharon A. Poessel, Eric M. Gese, Julie K. Young, (2014). Influence of habitat structure and food

Although some species have very specific microhabitat needs (such as streamside gravel beds or montane herb-fields) most

Job in the Environment: The Angolensis is species of secondary consumers. It has sharp claws, and eats other small animals. Although, it is shown to be prey to a different species, but this species is unknown.

consumers are those bacteria those depends on producer for the food and energy includes reptiles , insects, mammals etc.