Walter Dill Scott Research Paper

Pavlov would take a dog and give it food, before the dog would salivate. Then Pavlov would ring a bell, and then give the dog food. After a while the dog began to salivate at the sound of the bell as it knew food was coming and it associated the two things. If Pavlov rang the bell too often without giving the dog food the response would be extinguished and the dog would no longer salivate. If Pavlov stopped the experiment for 6 months and then returned to it the dog would rapidly salivate at the sound of the bell, this is spontaneous recovery. If Pavlov rang a bell that wasn’t similar to the original bell the dog wouldn’t salivate, this is called stimulus discrimination. A limitation of the experiment would be the unethicalness, is it right to treat a dog like this? Unfortunately, because it took place in lab the experiment will not equal the outside world. We are humans. We aren’t dogs, we have language. Therefore it can’t be said that humans would act in the same way as we aren’t the same. But in a laboratory you have high control, this would be the results he collected would have been correct. Despite how unethical his experiment was, I think it was justified as it was such a big breakthrough.

Pavlov’s advancement in physiology were breakthroughs in science, towards the understanding of the digestive system. Although he died the 7th of February in 1936, at Leningrad, Russia, his research was later expanded by other scientist and evolved to a full understanding of our digestive system. So next time you are sitting in the car and listening to music, the explanation to why you react a certain way is tanks to Ivan Pavlov’s

He claims that right before WW2 there were 3 main objectives to psychology: curing mental

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) was a Russian psychologist who inadvertently discovered classical conditioning; a way to view the functioning of the nervous system, this remains his greatest psychological contribution

The south for a good while was always fond of using slavery as a cheap source of work. The increase in the number of slaves was when John Rolfe became one of the first to cultivate tobacco in the so called “New World back then in the 17th century. There was good money to be made about the amount of labor that went into the tobacco cultivation was harch, hence why slaves were used. Ever since then, it is obvious to note that slaves dominated the aspect of southern life. Whether that be economically, socially or politically, slaves played an important role in each category.

Ivan Pavlov was born in a difficult time in history, Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in Ryzan, in the rise of communism in Russia. Although today that Pavlov was known more as a Physiologist than a Psychologist, due to Pavlov’s father being a priest, Pavlov’s early studies was in the church to eventually become a priest like his father, although the plan to become a priest diminished after Pavlov read a book that Charles Darwin wrote about the origins of species and another book by George Lewes called “The physiology of Common Life” after finding so much interest in these books, Pavlov decided to pursue a profession in Physiology. (Todes, 2000).

Ivan Pavlov was an innovative Russian physiologist who paid strict attention to detail. This precision of detail allowed him to notice that the dogs he was experimenting with began salivating to the sound of a researcher's footsteps instead of to the food that the researcher was bringing to the dog. The realization that the dogs anticipated receiving food before seeing the food prompted him to conduct more research and eventually create the methods of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning has been used since the early twentieth century in order to see how animals and humans learn to predict that a particular stimulus leads to a particular event. There are many different methods of learning that are heavily influenced by classical conditioning

In everyday life certain behaviors that individuals engage in, seem to happen without any effort. This is due to the brain conditioning itself to react in a certain way when in the presence of a specific stimulus. One of the biggest contributors to the study of Classical conditioning was Dr. Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov took a group of dogs and began introducing them to a stimulus, in the form of a bell, before he fed them. With the repetition of the bell each time food was given, the dogs linked the bell to the delivery of food. He then, after a length of time, rang the bell and saw that even without food present the dogs began to salivate thus showing they had associated the bell with food. The everyday example of the smell of freshly baked cookies

Charles Spearman was a student of Wilhelm Wundt, also known as the father of psychology (Revelle, 2014). Spearman was also greatly influenced by Francis Galton and his statements on how important intelligence testing really is (Charles Spearman, n.d.). He influenced Raymond B. Cattell, David Wechsler, and J. P. Guilford. Spearman studied under Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig and gained his Ph. D. in experimental psychology. Spearman did not get his Ph. D. until he was in his thirties and he did not accept his first university position until he was in his forties (Revelle, 2014). Although

The introduction of classical conditioning occurred in the early twentieth century when Ivan Pavlov performed his famous dog-salivation experiment. Everyone at the time was aware that a dog would salivate at the sight or smell of a juicy treat and that it would shudder and recoil in disgust at a food it dislikes. Utilizing this known concept, Pavlov accompanied the delicious taste of meat powder with the ringing of the bell whenever the dog ate its treat. The trial was repeated numerous times until the dog would salivate to the ringing of the bell alone (Morgan). Pavlov’s discovery of conditioning has served as the basis for many debated and criticized physiological experiments that progressed the medical industry. Through the industry’s

Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment on different dogs shows how dogs “automatic salivate when seeing food” (McLeod, 2013). Ivan Pavlov stated “some things that a dog does are not need to learn” dog’s reflexes are from undefined reaction, and their motivation required no learning (McLeod, 2013). Therefore, Pavlov classical conditioning experiment is important in the development of psychology, because it introduces the study of laws of learning and conditioning.

In his experiments with dogs, Pavlov implanted tubes inside of dogs cheeks to measure how much saliva the dogs produced in response to various foods. Over a period of time, he began to notice that the dogs began to salivate at the sight of food, empty food bowl, and at the sound of the laboratory assistants footsteps. Since salivating to food in the mouth is a reflexive and salivating at the sight of an empty food bowl is not this intrigued Pavlov. He conducted a lot of controlled experiments and he was then able to train the dogs to salivate to things that had nothing to do with food, like the sound of the bell. He came to the conclusion that organisms had two types of responses to its environment: unconditioned responses and conditioned responses. In Pavlov’s experiments, everytime meat powder was presented to the dogs they would salivate. The meat powder was an unconditioned stimulus, which is an event that draws out a reflexive response in an organism. The dog's salivation was an unconditioned response, which is a natural reaction to an event. Next Pavlov would sound a tone and then give the dogs the meat powder. The tone was a neutral stimulus, which is something that does not usually draw out a response. The dogs would not salivate to the sound of the tone. But when Pavlov would pair the tone with the meat powder repeatedly, the tone began to draw out salivation from the dogs. So the neutral stimulus became the conditioned stimulus an event that causes a response being repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus. And then later on the dogs began to salivate to the sound of the tone

Edward L. Thorndike is known as a very instrumental scientist within the field of psychology as he contributed well over 500 articles throughout his career. Thorndike earned a Bachelors degree from Wesleyan University in 1895, where he then decided to go to Harvard University with the intention to study literature. He then studied William James’s version of The Principles of Psychology, which he found interesting and enough reason switch his focus to psychology (Daniel, 2000). William James had apparently decided to stop studying experimental psychology, which influenced Thorndike’s decision to attend Columbia University instead. Columbia University appeared to have been a positive alternative for Thorndike as he was offered

Ivan Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in Ryazan, Russia. Poverty was always an issue with Pavlov’s family as he was growing up. His father was the priest of the village, where Pavlov attended regularly. Many of Pavlov’s characteristics, including a strong will to succeed was inherited from his father. Pavlov began school at the Ryazan Ecclesiastical High. Pavlov entered the Ryazan Ecclesiastical Seminary. At the seminar, he was introduced to the works of Charles Darwin and Ivan Sechenov. After the seminar, Pavlov transferred to the University of St. Petersburg to acquire knowledge about natural science. At St. Petersburg, Pavlov gained a great respect for Cyon, a professor in physiology. With Cyon’s enthusiasm for Physiology, he became a physiologist during his third year. Pavlov started working as a laboratory assistant helping out Cyon. At this laboratory is where Pavlov studied the digestion system. This laboratory is where Pavlov’s research later earned him a Nobel Prize on the physiology of digestion. Pavlov would implant small stomach pouches in dogs. After implanting the pouches he would measure the secretion of gastric juices that the dogs had when they started to eat. After time, with the help of his assistants, he was able to condition the dogs to the sound of a tick. After the progression of his work, he

In the 19th century, there was a famous Russian physiologist who created the theory of the conditioned reflex. His name was Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Ivan Pavlov conducted a well-known experiment for teaching a hungry dog to salivate at the sound of a bell when presented with food. This experiment led Ivan Pavlov to become known for his development on Classical Conditioning, which captured the attention of everyone, especially physiologist and psychologist. Ivan Pavlov was born September, 14, 1849 in Russia. Ivan Pavlov’s father was a priest and his mother was a homemaker. Initially, Pavlov studied theology by shadowing his father’s path. Later in the 1860’s, he abandoned his religious studies after reading Charles Darwin’s book (Windholz, 1997, p.941). Darwin greatly influenced Pavlov, so much so that he began a new pursuit in the interest in science. In 1870, Ivan Pavlov attended the University of Saint Petersburg where he studied natural science and physiology. In the establishment of the institute of experimental medicine, Pavlov helped to facilitate the department of physiology (Windholz, 1997, p.941). For 45 year, Pavlov supervised and devoted his time and efforts to the research program. During Pavlov’s career, there were three major conflicts focus by Pavlov that led to his animal research. This includes the nerves of the heart, digestive glands in which Pavlov won a worldwide recognition and a Nobel Prize in 1904 and condition reflexes. (Schultz & Schultz,