Warren Burger: 15th Chief Justice

History does not happen in an instant; history is made through the impacts on the national and international level. Often times, it is one small event that triggers a large reaction from the public. Furthermore, it is one person who can make a difference in the world. Earl Warren was one person who helped shape Americans in the mid-1900s. From working in a law office to becoming the governor of California and finally being appointed as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1953, Earl Warren had built up tremendous support. In 1946, during his second campaign for the Governor of California, Warren was able to win over the Democratic, Republican, and Progressive parties,

He was an important figure in Australian history for his role in earning indigenous land rights, and his one landmark decision of Australia’s High Court, turned over the legal fiction terra nullius which lead Australian law in regards to land and native title. Obviously he has corrected an historical wrong.

The constitution of the United States was designed and drafted by the American constitutional framers who are recognized as the founding fathers. Rufus King was one of the prominent delegates who contributed in signing the constitution and he is also considered among the pioneers who founded the United States. The essay below tries to explain and elaborate the historical life of Rufus King and his major contributions to the United States.

Throughout history many U.S. Supreme Court Justices have served for numerous years on the Supreme court making final decisions on diverse cases that have created long lasting impacts. The current supreme court justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and former justice Sandra Day O’Connor have not only made an impact but are proof that women are equal to men when it comes to court room decisions. Throughout the essay I will explain the background of the justice, the president who appointed them, and the accomplishments made on the Supreme Court.

He helped get Liberty. He studied the law. He gave his speech on the stamp act “Give me Liberty or give me death”

It is for his role in this office that Warren forged much of his reputation. Although he was a Republican his entire life, the “Warren Court” was well known for being liberal and judicially active court. Some of the decisions that produced by it were revolutionary including Brown v. Board of Education, Mapp v. Ohio, and Miranda v. Arizona. These cases have had a lasting impact that can be felt even today. The leadership of Warren in these cases resulted in these decisions and many others that helped bring about equality and civil rights for the citizens of the United States. Besides his work for the Supreme Court, Warren also led the Warren Commission in charge of investigating the assassination of President Kennedy. The investigation found Lee Harvey Oswald guilty, but the findings were attacked by many. Following the end of the investigation in 1964, he returned to focusing on leading the Supreme Court. Warren’s term as Supreme Court Chief Justice lasted until his retirement in 1969.

From the age of nine Earl Warren has worked on a railroad crew to earn money to go to college. Warren attended Kern County high school. There he gained interest listening to cases in the Kern County courthouse. After high school, Warren attended UCB's School of law. He received his B.A. degree and his J.D. After college, Earl Warren served as a district attorney, then a state attorney general, as well as

Samuel Alito was born on April 1, 1950 in Trenton, New Jersey, to Rose Fradusco and Samuel A. Alito Sr. His mother was a schoolteacher and father was a an Office Director of Legislative Services. He was raised in an upper-middle class catholic Italian-American family. He attended Steiner High School graduating at the top of his class. After high school he entered Princeton University as an undergrad. While attending Princeton University he joined challenging activity such as ROTC. After graduating from Princeton University in 1972 he continued his education at Yale Law School and graduated in 1975. During his time at Yale, he was the school’s law journal editor and also served on active duty until 1975. He was discharged from active duty in 1980.

One of these cases was Smith v. Allwright. The outcome of this case declared that Texas' exclusion of black voters from primary elections, known as the "White Primary", unconstitutional. By winning this case Marshall not only paved the way for the removal of black voting laws, but he also made it public that the Supreme Court was no longer going to ignore the constitutional rights of African Americans, that had been discounted by state legislatures since the Civil War. In yet another governmental policy altering case Shelley v. Kraemer in 1948 the Supreme Court agreed with Marshall that courts could not enforce "restrictive covenants," private agreements not to sell land to blacks. (3) This time Marshall directed a blow at the state level courts, forcing them to become aware of the nation's new found view of civil liberties. In Sweat v. Painter in 1950 and in Sipuel v. University of Oklahoma in 1948, Marshall won unanimous decisions declaring "separate but equal" facilities for black professionals as well as graduate students in state universities unconstitutional. (3) First the state

Thurgood Marshall was significant as he was the first African-American to be appointed a position in the U.S Supreme Court, in 1967. His significance to civil rights is evident between 1947 and 1967, in one contemporary newspaper he was even referred to as “Mr Civil Rights”. In 1947-1961 Thurgood worked as the NAACP’s lawyer, where he argued his most famous cases – Brown v Topeka (1954) and Browder v Gayle (1956). Furthermore, the appointments by both, President John F. Kennedy and President Johnson, are significant in themselves because he was the first African-American to be appointed to the Supreme Court. Despite his influence on the civil rights movement, Thurgood took a lot of criticism which effected his attitudes towards other people involved with the civil rights movement and, in general.

John Marshall began as a soldier who became part of George Washington?s command group. After John was discharged, he pursued his legal career with a formal education, which was quite casual at the time. He established a practice in Richmond and became very successful. Marshall was very casual yet received a reputation for being outstanding regardless of his messy look. In the late 1780?s, John was a successful member of the Richmond bar. He was known for his ability to handle cases on appeal and he was a lawyer?s lawyer. Lawyers called on him to argue their cases before high courts. He was a great interpreter of the U. S. Constitution and had a great ability to get to the heart of the

Background: Born on September 24, 1755 in Virginia, John Marshall started his life pursuing the practice of law and held multiple political positions throughout his life. He was a lieutenant and later captain of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. After 1781, Marshall left his military position to pursue law. Even though his formal training was short lived, Marshall began his law career in the 1780s.

None of them were overturned by the Supreme Court. After his four years of being President, Lyndon B. Johnson let Thurgood Marshall serve as the first African American US solicitor general. A solicitor is an attorney that is made to argue on the behalf of the federal government before the Supreme Court. He served for 2 years and won 14 out of 19 cases before the Supreme Court.

In 1916 President Woodrow Wilson nominated Louis Brandeis, a lawyer from Boston to the Supreme Court. The first Jewish man to be nominated to the Supreme Court, Brandeis was a Progressive who strived from social change and reform. His Jewish faith didn’t control his decisions, but they created his values that would lead to him becoming a champion of the people. Brandeis was a gifted student and lawyer. He graduated from Harvard in 1877 at the age of twenty with the highest GPA in school history. He moved to Boston where he joined the elite class called the Brahmins where he would meet close allies and future foes. Here he met Samuel Warren, a good friend and business partner. The two of them opened a law firm together Warren and Brandeis.

& Martinez, 2003). The Supreme Court ruled that the University of California was wrong in the way they approached a special admissions program that was open only to minority applicants (Aguirre Jr. & Martinez, 2003). The ruling argued that the special admissions program violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (Aguirre Jr. & Martinez, 2003). Justice Lewis Powell, Jr. stated in his opinion on the Bakke case that quotas “would hinder rather than further attainment of genuine diversity” (Aguirre Jr. & Martinez, 2003, p. 141). Justice Powell, Jr. also wrote that race is only one part of many factors that an institution can consider in truly achieving a heterogeneous student population (Aguirre Jr. & Martinez, 2003). By siding with Bakke in this case, the Supreme Court essentially outlawed the use of racial quotas in admissions processes in higher education, yet universities took this as it is okay to use race as a selective factor as long as there are no quotas (Aguirre Jr. & Martinez, 2003).