Waste Management in the Philippines (Water System)

Pathology waste should not be mixed with regular laboratory-generated medical waste. Sharps must not be placed directly into medical waste bags. Secondary containers must be leak-proof, have rigid walls, and have a securable lid. Secondary containers must be labeled with the biohazard symbol and the word Biohazard on the lid and on the sides, so that the label is visible from any lateral view.

The EPA agreed to clean up Nahant Marsh in 1999. It was estimated that the clean up would cost $2,000,000. The water level had to be lowered to remove lead pellets so a pipe was used to drain the marsh until a pump was required. Once the water level was low enough they brought in an excavator and excavated and hauled the soil to a stockpile area where it dried out and was hauled to the landfill. In order to render the metal insoluble found in the soil a phosphate-based stabilization chemical was mixed into the soil. After the soil was treated it was removed and then the ground was graded and smoothed so grasses could be

Recycled water is former wastewater that has gone through a process to remove contaminants so that it can be used for other purposes such as irrigation for crops and landscape (“Water Recycling and Reuse”). Another source of recycled water is gray water, which “is reusable wastewater from residential, commercial and industrial bathroom sinks, bath tub shower drains and clothes washing equipment drains” (“Water Recycling and Reuse”). The treatment process includes three steps, first any solids are removed from the water. Secondly, microorganisms are added to the water to eat dirt particles and as they get fatter, they’ll fall to the bottom of the tank, leaving cleaner water rising to the top. Lastly, water is

Has anyone ever considered how medical devices are prepared before a surgical procedure? Central Sterile Processing Department (CSPD) consists of services within the Hospital, in which reusable medical devices will be cleaned, prepared, and processed. The role for CSPD is to prevent infection transmitted by usage of medical devices. The procedure for hospital medical devices before surgery has a four part workflow process in: Decontamination, to Instrumentation, to Sterilization and Sterile Storage (Case Carts). An example is given for reprocessing an Intestinal Set and the supplies needed for the preparation of this medical device set.

1) The remedy chosen must attain a degree of cleanup that assures the protection of human health and environment. 2) The hazardous substances that will remain after the cleanup, they must meet the applicable and/or relevant and appropriate requirements under federal and state law (ARARs). 3) The remedy chosen must utilize permanent solutions and alternative treatment technologies or resource recovery technologies to the maximum extent applicable. 4) There must be cost effective response, taking into consideration total long-and short-term costs of the actions. And 5) It must be in accordance with the NCP to a practicable

Human activities such as the use of fertilizers in yard soil contribute to the accumulation of nutrients. When using fertilizers, the ground can only absorb so much. The use of excess fertilizers on crops allows for nitrogen to vaporize in the atmosphere through a process called volatilization (Olascoaga, 2010). Crop fertilizer also leaches nitrogen into groundwater, which eventually ends up in the ocean. When the ground is at its maximum absorbance, high concentration levels are obtained and carried through the waste system into rivers. Another factor is sewage from the increasing human population. Septic tanks are widely used unless a household is connected to wastewater treatment plants. Septic tanks purify waste by leaching the waste through soil. Storm water runoff is another source of nutrient for algal blooms. Rainfall picks up nutrients from yards and flushes these nutrients into

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) described the general treatment of wastewater and its two basic stages, primary and secondary. In the primary treatment most solids are caught in a screen, then the sewage goes to a grit chamber to settle small pieces of debris at the bottom, then through the sedimentation tank. Afterwards, secondary treatment removes a majority of the organic matter, eventually being chlorinated before reaching an effluent (EPA, 1998).

waste disposal methods from a single dumpsite, to sorted sites focused on recycling, composting, and

The clean water act has adopted some strategies such as introduction of NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) which is governed by United States Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA). The discharge of point source (Industrial wastes, agricultural wastes) material is mainly regulated by the NPDES (Mattioni,

Identified wastes in the current processes using the seven wastes as a guide to what should be looked for. The question was asked, “Why did this waste occur?” and, “What can be done to prevent it?”.

Another common remediation technique is stabilization or solidification which aims to alter the contaminants into a less soluble or mobile form (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011; Mulligan, Yong, and Gibbs, 2001; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). In both methods water and a site-specific chemical solution is mixed into the soil to either alter its physical - make it less soluble - or chemical - reduce mobility - properties to make it less likely that the contaminants will move into other locations or be inhaled (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011; Mulligan, Yong, and Gibbs, 2001). Chemical treatment can also fall under the umbrella term of stabilization. Chemical treatment is add chemical solutions to the soil to detoxify the soil and can be used as a pre-treatment for other techniques such as solidification (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011; Mulligan, Yong, and Gibbs, 2001). These techniques are typically preferred due to lower costs but other physical elements of the soil, such as boulders, can make mixing the soil difficult and the process can volatilize and release volatile compounds (Mulligan, Yong, and Gibbs, 2001; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). Mobility of contaminants can also be reduced by using the technique of vitrification through the process of heating up the soil (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). This method results

Septic tanks are designed to treat and dispose of specific volume and type of wastewater in the conditions found at the site. A routine maintenance important, the septic tank must eventually be pumped out or be released into the soil as an organic fertilizer. The septic tank will be designed as followed, determine the lowest elevation of the site. Next, excavate the in at the lowest elevation for the tank location. After placing the tank in the ground connect all pipes from motel to tank and tank to distribution system. The way that tank will work it will require minimum maintenance, because it will seep most of waste to the ground for organic supplement. Also since it is at a low elevation it will not affect the ground water that would be used from the higher elevation. As portrayed in Figure 1, the septic tank will follow an almost replica of that design, but instead of pipes distribution, it will have a seepage tank to release the waste into the ground. In reality the septic tank will follow the same format as shown in figure

According to the Smith Center for the Environment, Ecological Design and Sustainability (CEEDS), the sediment used to be removed every decade or so and taken to a landfill, however the landfill has since

The fly ash and bottom ash, FGD gypsum shall be delivered to ash storage yard .

Congress passed The Solid Waste Disposal Act in 1965. The Agency of Environmental Safety considered this Act as the primary effort made by federal authority for efficient waste clearance technology. This act controls the dumping material; manage storage and management of solid, both and non-precarious and precarious wastage. It highlights the processes that are environmentally liable to dispose waste at the commercial, municipal, industrial and household levels (Tchobanoglous & Vergara, 2010). This was considered as primary initiative of a chain of systems focusing on resource management and air cleaning (Gerlak, 2005). There have been several major adjustments made to the Act with the reference to Resource Recovery and Conservation Act (1976). The involvement of federal