Water Crisis in Pakistan

According to the International Water Management Institute environmental research organisation global water stress is increasing, and a third of all people face some sort of water scarcity. Where demand exceeds supply and no effective management operates, there will be conflicts between the various players involved.

Industries are expected to use 265 billow cubic meters of water per year (Doc. D). With that said, there is several industries that rely on water (Doc. D). At the same time, the need for water in agriculture decreases and the need for water in domestic issues gradually increases, while the need for water in industries frantically increases (Doc. C). The requirement of water in industries keeps climbing high year after year as the water supply drops. Moreover, many industries must-have a sizeable quantum of water, which drives the water crisis.

The goal of this paper is intended to provide the legal, political, social, economic, ecological dimensions of water resource policy

As the days are becoming hotter, and as our water supply is decreasing, it is becoming more relevant than ever before to increase the water inventory for the agricultural industry. With the damming of the Hetchy-Hetchy river, it will limit our already low supply and output of crop, which is the lead export of sustenance in the nation.

Many people know that water is essential for human-being and it is not only valuable for health and life, but water is also important for industry and agriculture. Furthermore, use of water has a spiritual, cultural and recreational dimension. However, water resources are not infinite. Wide and inefficient use of water resources can lead to irreversible consequences, such as water shortage. This essay will firstly discuss the problem of water shortage on examples of developed and developing countries and include the diversification of the same issue in the different parts of the world. It will also identify causes and effects of this environmental problem on society and other spheres of life. Moreover, in this essay I am going to propose

supply strategy is necessary in order to avoid a catastrophic water shortage. In fact, a report released

Water can be considered the most important nonrenewable resource in the world. Every human across the world needs it in order to live and it carries a lot of value. The world is now at a stage where the scarcity of water is making people nervous because groundwater is at an all-time low. Several wars over the years have arisen in the Middle East for water. Desert is the many land condition that rules over the Middle East which means drier air, sand, and minimum water available. This is not a light issue since blood is being spilled over the control of certain rivers and dams within the area. Tension over control for water sources will only worsen as fresh water availability decreases.

Climate variability and change profoundly influence social and natural environments throughout the world, with consequent impacts on natural resources and industry that could be large and far-reaching. Climate change due to global warming not only started to impact the weather pattern but also influence the agriculture sector in Pakistan. Pakistan is an agriculture whose majority of the population depends upon agriculture. Glaciers are the big fresh water sources for Pakistan which fulfills the water demands in the agriculture land while rainfall fulfills the water requirement of the barani areas. An increase in temperature was observed in the country especially during the last few decades which accelerate snow melting on glaciers. The increased rate of glacial melting in Himalayas has caused vast lakes to develop, and if these lacks outburst, these can inundate towns and villages below. There is high level of confidence that recent regional changes (rising tendency) in temperature have discernable impacts on precipitation, evaporation, stream flow, runoff and other elements of hydrological cycles (Elshamy et al., 2006).

This requires us to work-out new policies, regulations and reasons to reduce water concepts, re-use water and replacing water resources. In fact, we need new policies and regulation that will allow us to do more with less, and cascade water from one use to another. To be successful, we need significant efforts to raise awareness and change attitudes: appreciating the tremendous value water has for our lives, families, communities and nations. Only with this attitude can we create the desire to care for water and not waste

To begin with, during the 100 years, the sector of agriculture had the highest water consumption and its figure experienced a dramatic increase, reaching 3000 km3 in 2000. The gap between water used in industrial field and domestic field widened through the years despite starting at almost the same level, with around 1200 km3 and 300 km3 water used respectively in 2000.

Among all sectors in Egypt, agriculture consumes the largest budget of available water supplies, with its share exceeding 80% of the total gross demand for water. In case the actual consumption of water is considered (water supply minus the water that is returned to the system), the share of agricultural demands is even higher at more than 95%. The area of cultivated land raised from 5.8 Million fed. in 1980 to about 8.0 Million fed. in 1997. Therefore, the consumptive use of water in agriculture has been steadily increased from an estimated 29.4 BCM/yr. to 38.5 BCM/yr. during the same period (1980-1997). This increase has been made possible by an increase in agricultural drainage water reuse, the abstraction of groundwater and a decrease in the fresh water outflow to the sea. In 1997, the total amount of diverted water for irrigation was 57.8 BCM/yr, (MWRI 2005). In 2010, the total agricultural withdrawal was accounted at 67.0 BCM (about 86% of available water supply), (AusAID 2011). Any water becoming additionally available will primarily be used to irrigate new development areas and not to increase the supply to existing lands. Based on water inflow of 55.5 BCM/year, it is expected that by the year 2017 agricultural lands will cover about 11 million fed., and 63.6 BCM of water will be allocated for agriculture. The total agricultural water consumption in 2017 is estimated at 38.7

Water is the main source of life on the Earth. It is vital for normal existence and functioning of organisms. Earth is sometimes called “water planet.” But, in fact, the number of freshwater is limited. “Only about 2 percent of the planet's water is fresh.” (How much water is there on Earth?) This water is not enough even to meet daily needs of mankind. According to World Health Organization, “a lack of water to meet daily needs is a reality today for one in three people around the world.” (2009) In the Middle East the situation is especially hard. This region is thought to be one of the droughtiest places in the world, most of it’s territory is deserted. Freshwater accounts to 1 percent of the world’s supplies, while the population comes

Pakistan, due to its diverse range of terrain, is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from droughts to floods and earthquakes to cyclones. Pakistan suffered a major drought from 1995-2000. Pakistan almost every year suffers from floods but the destructions faced in 2010 have changed parameters of our thinking. Pakistan has also experienced earthquakes ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. Despite all these hazards, Pakistan is yet to

Water is the most important natural resource in any and for any country. Pakistan has biggest and largest irrigation system .Pakistan is blessed with the mighty Indus river The Indus River alone provides 65% of the water while the share of Jhelum and Chenab is 17% and 19% respectively.

Perhaps water is one of the most important elements for both evolution purposes and sustenance of life on earth. On the other hand, water sustains environment and gives support to the livelihood. It is good to note that availability of fresh water plays a big role in improving the quality of human life and overall progress of mankind in various spheres of life that are significantly dependent on it. In addition, water promotes equality between nations and also between the rich and poor within the same country. Access to fresh water improves human behaviour which also involves various ways on which we adopt to the environment. Water that is of good quality is impacted by human activities which in turn lead to good health implication, economic growth, and poverty alleviation and in all aspects development. However, there has been high increase in competition for water day after another due to collapsing of major ecological systems and catchment areas, depletion of ground water areas and diminishing river flows. Since the time of immemorial water has been a social fabric in various social systems including in religious ceremonies.