Introduction Different societies around the world have different moral codes, but the importance of water is valued and respected everywhere. Most if not all societies agree with the principles of human dignity and equality for all people. Water is the basis for human survival, which can unite and create solidarity between civilizations. Instead, water is dividing civilizations, causing tension over the precious resource.
The primarily focus of this paper is on analyzing water management practices, specifically exploring privatization of municipal and bottled water sources using a justice oriented ethical framework to ensure water as a human right. Later on, the paper will investigate case studies on privatizing water from global and national levels. The final section of the paper will cover given the circumstances of water scarcity what should happen, or in reality what will be done to improve water ethics. Before further examining the various case studies one should first understand the current water politics of today.
Background
As water becomes a more scarce resource across the globe due to climate change, water is shifting away from a human right into a commodity. A commodity, meaning a good, or service that needs to be bought into the capitalist economic system. Privatization is one way of attempting to solve the water crisis, which the U.N. has dealt with since the 1990s. It is estimated, “40 % of the world’s citizens do not have dependable access to potable water
"Water For All" is a mission statement of an MIT project claims that clean water is paramount to a successful society and that there are consequences to inaction toward this problem. The article first provides a description of why water is important and who it affects next, it explains where water is and how it is used and lastly, it analyzes a solution and the consequences if a successful solution is not provided. The author gives data on the people who are affected by the lack of drinkable water in order to convince the reader that this is a large problem. The language in this article is simple yet informative widening the audience to anyone who can help aid the program or anyone who can spread the word about the program.
Zuhal Yeşilyurt Gündüz in her article Water-On Women's Burdens, Humans' Rights, and Companies Profit claims that the privatization of fresh water supplies would be disastrous because water is a resource that is a necessity for life. She thinks that water should be free for the public and that is that it is wrong to charge people for such a critical resource. She states that “the commercialization of water resources has resulted in sobering problems”. Claiming that private companies have used up farmers irrigation water and entire rivers had dried (Gündüz 139). She concludes her argument by emphasizing that water not only has an effect to the poor, but on women.The author Zuhal Yeşilyurt Gündüz develops her claim by appealing to the reader's
Water is an essential quality in life that you need to live. Yet many people don't realize that how important it is in life until it could be taken away. John Thorson, a water rights and lawyer, says “ water links us to our neighbor in a way more profound and complex than any other.” It is a way people are connected around economically, socially, and environmentally. Some struggle to have clean water to drink and others can not find clean water at all.
Whether water is a human commodity or basic human right has become a large problem around the world while dealing with the availability of clean drinking water in developing societies. If water is either recognized to be a right or a commodity, many complications come to these developing countries in several social and political aspects. A human right is a freedom and a right that belongs to everyone in the world. Water as a human right gives everyone the right to water as
In the book “Blue Future”, world-renowned water activist Maude Barlow, inspires readers as she explores her vast experiences and knowledge to outline a key set of principles that offer a solution to what she pleas to be “the defining issue of our time” (Barlow, 2013, p. 4), the fight for water equality. Principle One: Water Is a Human Right, drives the concept that water should be delivered to all, while pressing into the higher powers that act as barriers to the recognition of this vital concept. Principle Two: Water Is a Common Heritage, disputes the ethics behind privatization of water and reinforces the notion that this vital resource is to be viewed as a public good, which should not be bought nor sold. Principle Three: Water Has Rights Too, explores the environmental aspects of water supply, pushing for changes in current laws and practices that put the earths water sources at risk. Principle Four: Water Can Teach Us How to Live Together, urges the global community to join together in order to address a common issue of water insecurity, in addition to adapting our currents ways, allowing us to “live more lightly on the earth” (Barlow, 2013, p. 207).
The world revolves around water. Without it, organisms would cease to exist. With that being said, humans depend on it on a daily basis. In the documentary “Thirst”, it covers the controversy of water privatization in Bolivia, India, and Stockton. All of these regions are opposed to water privatization by the powerful corporations that operate in the area. The people living in these places believe that water privatization negatively affects their control of their water, because it a human right. On the other hand, the multinational corporations believe that water is an economic resource that should be bought and sold, for profit. I believe that water should not have the ability to be privatized.
The author, Maude Barlow, begins her article by stating that there is a problem concerning the world’s water and how it can affect the people’s way of living. She includes three possible outcomes that could result from how people are mistreating the water supply. Sources of freshwater are becoming scarcer as people keep polluting and depleting them. As the lack of clean freshwater decreases, the amount of children dying increases, more so than war and diseases altogether which occurs more frequently with those that are of low socioeconomic status. Those that belong to companies dealing with water exchange are taking advantage of the shortages by selling them to regular people at expensive rates; this could ultimately lead to the market’s dictating
These are the injustices that are happening all over the world and we need to prevent these companies from taking advantage of us and our water supplies just to fatten their pockets. We need to project our political voices and let these companies know that these behaviors will not be tolerated. Among the people who are raising their political voices against water ownership is Maude Barlow, senior advisor on water issues for the General Assembly of the UN, who argued that, " high water rates, cut-offs to the poor, reduced services, broken promises and pollution have been the legacy of
Water is not a free good. In fact, it’s expensive. These conditions lead to awareness of water management challenges.
Water is being used in so many ways to make some sort of profit. From being used at water parks, being used in farming, but most importantly being bottled and sold. some of the biggest companies that have done this are Arrowhead, Aquafina, Crystal Geyser, Dasani, and many more. During times of drought, it is ethical for companies to continue their use of water from local sources. bottled water merely impacts the amount of water taken from local sources compared to agricultural industry.
Economic relations and resource management, 2. Ideology and culture including the way people think about the environment and water rights, 3.political agents like the state, transnational actors and organizations involved in water disputes and trade 4.the transnational social movements which endorse and resist water privatization, and 5.the power relations which engender unequal access to safe water (Bywater, 2008).
According to Bakker, “this conceptual frameworks applied to the case of anti-privatization activism to elucidate the limitations of the human right to water as a conceptual counterpoint
Life springs up around water sources. It is no coincidence that some of the greatest civilizations have been build need fertile bodies of water. Known life relies on water to sustain that life. So it is no surprise when a debate arose in 2013 around comments made by Nestlé Chairman Peter Brabeck regarding privatization of water and the fundamental human right to survive from dehydration and illness from non-portal water consumption. Although the context of Brabeck’s comment was taken out of context, issues surrounding the access companies like Nestlé have been given to bottle their water when people do not have access to clean water and droughts are threatening crop production. Adding a price tag is not the answer. The market, both these companies and their consumers have a major role to play in the management of water; a role that requires a change in mindset of privilege many citizen of the United States, and other countries that do not see the direct effects that serious clean water issue have on people that do not have it.
Water is a human right, not a commodity. It is the essence of life, sustaining every living being on the planet. Without it we would have no plants, no animals, no people. However, while water consumption doubles every twenty years our water sources are being depleted, polluted and exploited by multinational corporations. Water privatization has been promoted by corporations and international lending institutions as the solution to the global water crises but the only one’s who benefit from water privatization are investors and international banks. The essential dilemma of privatization is that the profit interests of private water utilities ultimately jeopardizes the safeguarding of the human right to water. Access to clean, sufficient
This is the time when most economic institutions started regarding water as a resource that can be converted into a commodity. This idea came as a result of role and ambit of markets in social life with regard to government’s role in provision of services and in administration of public goods. This was highly influenced by Reagan and Thatcher administrations in 1970s and early 1980s. Neoliberal policies compelled governments to liberate trade, privatize state services and to give up foreign investment control (Balive & Prashad 73).