Water Purification Lab Report

The purpose of this experiment is to observe the natural process of osmosis using drops of sheep’s blood in various saline solutions. Since the cell membrane is a selective membrane, the water goes in and out freely but a solute such as NaCl it cannot freely move in or out. Osmosis is a passive process that doesn’t require the input of energy to transport water molecules across a membrane. The channels that allow water to enter or leave a cell are known as aquaporin. Using aquaporin, water moves from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration. This process continues until equilibrium in solute concentration is established between a cell and its environment.

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

The Osmosis and Diffusion lab was conducted to provide us with information on how built up mucus affects those conflicted by the recessive genetic disease, Cystic Fibrosis., due to a mutation to the membrane regulating chloride (Cl-). This mutation prevents the Cl- from leaving the cell causing the amount of sodium (Na+) in epithelial cells, which results in extreme mucus on the lungs and airways causing this disease to be fatal if not treated but treatment does not equate to a long lifetime. During the lab we took the data from three parts: Diffusion, Osmosis in an Elodea Cell, and finally the Role of Osmosis in Cystic Fibrosis. During Part 1 we looked at diffusion across a semipermeable membrane for starch and glucose, which resulted in both having a negative solution when placed in a semipermeable membrane. Then we looked at osmosis in the Elodea Cell to watch for the occurrence of Plasmolysis, when a cell’s plasma membrane pulls away from the cell, and how a plant cell is affected by both hypertonic and hypotonic solutions. Finally, we observed the role of Osmosis in Cystic Fibrosis using dialysis bags to represent a normal cell and a Cystic Fibrosis cell with the normal containing 1% NaCl while the Cystic Fibrosis bag contained 10% NaCl. After we ran the experiment, we looked at the Percent Change in Mass and compared them after 30 minutes. We found that Cystic Fibrosis cells didn’t change mass as much as the normal cell ending with a change in mass over -1%. The

Table 2: Consists of color extract taken from a red cabbage for a natural indicator. The pH reading that was measured by using the pH meter and the result of the pH reading to determine whether the solution was acidic or basic.

This is done through a change in temperature. Over time, two objects that are in direct contact will

The objective of this experiment is to see how safe bottled and tap water is to drink based on what is in the water; specifically the contaminants and the pH balance of the water. As well as if the temperature of the environment that the water is placed in affects the pH balance of the water along with if bacteria is grown due to the condition it is in. Water is one of the most important things in life, being as it is known as the universal solvent, and humans and many other animals need it to survive. Along with water, the balance of pH is also extremely important in the maintenance of any organism 's life, including the lives of humans. Temperature is known to affect the speed of movements of ions within a solution. There are specific

As we know that osmosis means diffusion or dispersion of water through a selectively permeable membranes from high concentration to a lower concentration and there are many different factors that can affect the rate of Osmosis such as temperature particle size and the size of concentration ingredient. As we know that higher temperature can cause osmosis to occur at much faster rate because a molecule are more likely to pass through the selectively permeable membrane quicker than they would at a lower temperature. In this experiment the sucrose molecule was too large to pass through the dialysis bag, while water molecule able to move freely in and out due to their small size. Lastly the congregation gradient can greatly affect the rate of osmosis

Title: Separation Lab Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to successfully separate a mixture of iron filings, poppy seeds, sand and salt. Hypothesis: In my opinion, I think it is possible to successfully separate the mixture.

The purpose of this lab was to find the water potential and osmolality of potato cores after being soaked in NaCl and sucrose solutions and to compare them to each other and the expected water potentials and osmolalities from the literature. We did this by weighing potato cores, soaking them in the NaCl and sucrose solutions, and then weighing them again. This information was used to find the percent weight change of the potato cores. The potato core’s water potential mean for sucrose was -9.86 bars and for NaCl it was -10.72 bars. The osmolality that produced zero weight change in potato cores for sucrose was 0.401 and for NaCl it was 0.439. Our experiment found that the there was no significant statistical difference in the water potential and osmolality of the potato cores soaked in the sucrose and NaCl solutions.

Osmosis is defined as the tendency of water to flow through a semipermeable membrane to the side with a lower solute concentration. Water potential can be explained by solutes in a solution. The more positive a number is more likely it will lose water. Therefore should water potential be negative the cell the less likely it will lose water. In using potatoes the effects of the molarity of sucrose on the turgidity of plant cells. According to Clemson University, the average molarity of a White potato is between .24 M and .31 M when submerged in a sorbitol solution. This experiment was conducted with the purpose of explaining the relationship found between the mass in plants when put into varying concentrations of sucrose solutions. Should the potatoes be placed in a solution that contains 0.2M or .4M of sucrose solution it will be hypotonic and gain mass or if placed in .6M< it will be hypertonic and lose mass instead. Controlled Variables in this lab were: Composition of plastic cups, Brand of Russet Potatoes, Brand of Sweet Potatoes and the Temperature of the room. For independent variable that caused the results recorded it was the different Sucrose concentrations (0.0M, 0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, 1M). The dependent variable was the percentage change from the initial weighs to the final. The cup with .4 molarity was the closest to an isotonic solution and was used as the control group for the lab. Water potential is the free energy per mole of water. It is

October 17, 18, and 19, samples were collected from multiple sites along the BSR. The class was split into groups, and samples were collected from seven separate locations along the river and WWTP. There was also a sample collected by the S which is located between sites four and five. For each of these sites, there were ten groups from other labs that also collected a sample from the BSR. At site two of the river, the location included multiple sources of possible contamination. A drainage site was located 200 yards upstream, along with a small PVC drainage pipe next to the collection site. Not only was there drainage running into the river, the site was under a bridge, and contained other trash scattered throughout the area. The

Water Quality & Contamination Abstract My report was based on how ground water may be affected by many containments present in our surroundings. I believed that all of the water samples would have been contaminated once mixed with the soil. As I predicted vinegar filtered through the soil and came out fairly clean.

In this experiment, I concluded that amylase have the abilities to catalyze the breakdown of the starch into glucose. Also, some molecules, such as the Lugol’s regent (I2Kl) and glucose are able to permeate through intestine (Dialysis tubing) while others, such as starch is not able to permeate through the (Dialysis tubing).

Discussion: By understand which separation and purification does in order, we see each eliminates a contaminate. For example, Decantation removes solids from the mix as see in Table 1. Can the order of the separation and purification change the result? If we were to Filtration first it would have pulled out the solids as well but clogged the Filtration system, as we would be eliminating too much of the contaminate at once. Slower it rate of change.

The basis of this project is to measure the time it takes for isopropyl alcohol, 100% acetone, and water to evaporate. Also calculating which liquid evaporated more quickly, when apply to heat. In addition, to examine the structure of each liquid to understand the reason each liquid evaporate at the rate it does.