Watteau, Francois Boucher, And Jean-Honoré Fragonard

Henri Boulangerie: Creating and Using a Master Budget BACKGROUND PART I: CREATING THE BUDGET MEETINGS WITH DIVISIONAL MANAGERS Henri Boulangerie is a medium-sized regional bakery that specializes in providing orders to grocery and convenience stores. Because of the popularity of its brand, it has also opened a small café for walk-in business. In order to maintain its high quality standard, Henri produces only three products: breakfast muffins, fresh bread, and chocolate chip cookies. Although business has been good in the past few years, a lucky contact with a large chain has recently allowed it to expand its brand out of the local region. Growth has been high since the new contract went into effect.

The vision was to have a colony on the Mississippi River that was a gateway to open and expand trade with the new world. On May 7, 1718, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville and the French Mississippi Company officially founded Nouvelle-Orleans. Bienville would later become governor of the Louisiana colony three different times between the years 1702 and 1743. The city was named after Duke Philippe d'Orléans, who was France's head of state at the time (Briney).

At age nineteen, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Motier, commonly known as Marquis de Lafayette, abandoned his high social class in France and became a major General in the United States continental army. Lafayette had developed a strong relationship with George Washington, creating a friendship that would last a lifetime. He undeniably was a key component in securing the victory of the American Revolution. Marquis de Lafayette was one of the most successful leaders during the American Revolutionary War.

Eugene Jacques Bullard was born October 9th 1895 in Columbus, Georgia. He was nicknamed “The Black Swallow of Death”. He was one of 10 children. His father was William O, Bullard nicknamed “Big Chief Ox”, and his mother was Josephine Thomas. She was a Creek Indian. He went to school at Twenty-Eight Street School from 1901 to 1906 where he learned to read and write. As a teenager Eugene hid on a ship headed towards Scotland because he was trying to get away from racism. Bullard arrived at Aberdeen before making his way south to Glasgow. Eugen became a boxer in Paris and also worked in a music hall. When he visited Paris he decided to live in France. When World War 1 first started Eugene decided to join the war. he enlisted on October 19, 1914 in the 1st Regiment of Foreign Legion

In October 1894, French army Captain, Alfred Dreyfus, was arrested and convicted by the French army of treason for leaking confidential military information to the Germans.1 His conviction was publicly supported however, it relied on circumstantial evidence in the form of a letter believed to have been written by him.2 He was found guilty of treason in December 1894 and sentenced to life in prison even though the evidence was questionable. In 1896, as more people began to question the verdict, Major Georges Picquart discovered a letter written in the same manner as the one that had been used to convict Dreyfus. The letter Major Picquart found was addressed to a French Major, Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy, the real culprit behind the treason.3

What would it be like to be a member of one of the world's greatest journeys? Though he was just a baby, this was what happened to Jean Baptiste Charbonneau. He was an unintentional addition to Lewis and Clark's expedition to the Pacific ("Sacagawea"). However, the stories of this child do not end with Lewis and Clark's return to St. Louis.

The artists Jean-Honore Fragonard and Jaques-Louis David both successfully embody their respective stylistic differences. Fragonard’s style of painting is Rococo, which is characterized by its softness, asymmetry and curviness. Contrasting these ideals is David’s style of painting, Neo-Classicism. Neo-Classicism is synonymous with strong gestures, symmetry, and solidness. Two works that best exemplify the ideals of each style of painting are Fragonard’s The Swing, 1767 and David’s The Death of Socrates, 1787. Although at first glance, it is easier to focus on how each work is different to the other, one can argue that they are similar in theme. Both

At this time Paris was fun and careless before the French Revolution of 1789 released its horrors on it. But the outbreak of the revolution changed everything, and with all of the violence around, she fled France with her daughter to find safety in Italy (Moffat and Mossman). When she returned, Paris was a completely different place. However, the demand for her art had not changed. Vigee Le Brun is considered a painter of the rococo period. Rococo is best described as an eighteenth century art style that places importance on the carefree life rather than grand heroes. Originally the rococo fashion started in Paris, where Vigee Le Brun was born. It changed the way people looked at art and the world in general (Bleiberg). Vigee Le Brun not only used the rococo style in her art, but also to influence fashion, persuading women to wear simple, high waist shifts, which would be an important stepping stone in changing fashion forever. By refusing to put powder in her hair, she made being natural beautiful. If it weren’t for her innovations we might still be wearing Victorian gowns and wigs. She made fashion and styles for young women, such as herself, more daring and interesting (Steadman).

Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roche Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette was born in 1757. At a very young age Mr. Lafayette became a very wealthy orphan after his parents passing; his father at two years old and mother at twelve. When the young wealthy orphan turned fourteen years of age he decided he would join the Royal Army and at the age of 16 married into one of the wealthiest families in France marrying Marie Adrienne Francoise de Noailles.

Government is built on the premises of the established ideas of former politicians and then the new outlooks of recent politicians. All ideas on government are based on the structure and laws of former civilizations. Thus, many politicians can have similar viewpoints on government due to basing their ideas on the same former structures. But, in contrast new government structures include a variety of variations. Therefore, Jean Domat, Montesquieu and Jean Jacques Rousseau have major differences in their outlooks on government, but they do share similar aspects.

For Carr, the Canadian art scene seemed to be disjointed; she felt that Canadian art was not capturing the mood of the Canadian landscape. In searching for new inspiration Carr was accepted to the San Francisco Art School and studied for five years in 1899-1895 learning “portraiture, design, landscape, and drawing from plaster casts.” Although these techniques aided Carr in her paintings, she still felt something lacked. Carr then set her sights on Europe for their “New Art.” In 1899 Carr traveled to London and studied at the Westminster School of Art where she learned to pain in the Romantic European landscape style. Here, Carr learned techniques more suited to her style of landscape but she still felt that it was not enough to capture the essence of the Canadian wilderness. Undeterred, Carr looked again for new techniques. Learning that London was not to her taste Carr turned her attention to Paris, the home of many modern art movements. In 1910 Carr began to study in Paris. Paris was the most transformative learning experience for Carr. In Paris, Carr came in contact with new modernist painters like those of the fauvists. Fauvism was a French style of painting that took an analytical approach to subjects and the expressive qualities of saturated and non-naturalistic colours. Finally, Carr felt like she had found a style that could express the grandeur of Canada. Returning to Canada in 1911 Carr used the expressive qualities of the fauves within her landscapes. Unfortunately, the Canadian art scene did not positively receive this new fauvist inspired art. Plagued with economic problems, and a feeling of alienation, Emily Carr abstained from painting for fifteen years, until she came in contact with the Canadian Group of Seven. The Group of Seven, a Canadian group of seven landscape painters were, like Carr,

The theorists being compared in this discussion question would be Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura and how their theories fit into the developmental process. Both are great contributors to the field of psychology due to their theories on cognitive development. There are some similarities and differences between Albert Bandura’s Social learning theories with Piaget’s cognitive theory in term of ideas and subjects that were used.

Antoine Watteau’s La Perspective (View through the Trees in the Park of Pierre Crozat) uses many elements of the Rococo style of painting to instill a sense of intimacy. In this painting, members of the elite society gather unceremoniously in a wooded clearing. The people make casual exchanges as they mingle in the park. Trees and foliage dominate a majority of the painting. A small white building can be seen in the background through a clearing in the trees. Watteau uses color, composition, setting, and pose in the painting to create intimacy.

Beauty in art is the essence of detail and Boucher mastered in his painting, “Lovers in a Park.” He was able to create a very colorful garden setting combined with a hint of tension by the figures that quickly goes away with the beauty of the scene. The idea of love being an innocent but beautiful game is being told here. The light textures, silky look, cheerful style contributed to Boucher’s material richness work. The Rocco style was a reactive approach to the Baroque style that embodied light colors, asymmetrical ideas, and playful themes. It was a more graceful approach to the other style. Boucher was a French painter, draughtsman, and etcher who was perhaps the most celebrated painter of the 18th century. His career was hugely successful with many honors received and membership to the Royal Academy. His inspiration from other artists, patrons, and important figures in his life contributed to this style of work. Boucher’s Lovers in a Park captures the true beauty of what a Rocco style painting should look like.

Rococo was an art style that originated in France in the mid-17th century. Rococo itself evolved from the earlier Baroque period, and shared several elements with it. Indeed, Rococo is often referred to as Late Baroque for this reason. Both placed a heavy emphasis on ornate, highly sculpted detail and ornamentation, especially in regards to architecture and sculpture. Likewise both featured artwork rooted in more realistic depictions of people. However, they were also different in several important ways, and reflected changing social attitudes. Where Baroque was rooted in religion and promoted by the Catholic Church as a response to the Protestant Reformation, Rococo flourished during the “Age of Enlightenment”, a time where