1.1 Preliminaries English language has become one of the most used and effective means of communication all over the world. While many people have engaged in teaching and learning English and use many different methods and strategies, they have needed the use of strategies to help the learners to become more proficient in English. In the field of second language acquisition (SLA), grammar teaching has been an argued in language teaching instruction. With the development of these instructional approaches to second language (L2) in the English language teaching (ELT) context, grammar teaching has been continuously considered one of the essential instructional components for second language acquisition (SLA) in the ELT context. Grammar is the basis of the language; it helps students perceive the structures and rules they need to arrange their ideas. Since the procedure of acquiring the language is different, the second language learner has to make a conscious effort to master aspects and parts of the language; while the native speaker has creatively internalized the grammar of the language. Grammar is important to a second language learners because without grammar students cannot …show more content…
Beardsmore (1982) suggests that many of the difficulties a second language learner has with the phonology, vocabulary and grammar of L2 are due to the interference of habits from L1. The formal elements of L1 are used within the context of L2, resulting in errors in L2, as the structures of the languages, L1 and L2 are different. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of positive and negative transfer teaching grammatical structure English as a foreign
English grammar is an extensive and complicated set of rules that govern how we speak and write using the English language. Grammar has evolved over many centuries, and the rules change from time to time. Teaching grammar plays a central role in every ESL / EFL teacher's classroom. The topics cover a range from letters and sounds, parts of speech, vocabulary and stories to dialogue and conversation, listening comprehension, reading comprehension and written composition. English language and its usage have become extremely emotive issues in recent years... 'An Introduction to English Grammar' is an invaluable guide to the study of English language in an accessible format. Generally the authors begin with an introduction chapter on the nature of grammar and on the varieties of English and move on to provide an outline description of English grammar.It is to be understood that "Recognizing the goal of the grammar course is to improve students’ grasp of English grammar, and not to make students into linguists. Many authors have written streamlined, concise textbooks they avoid getting caught up in details that are interesting to linguists
Language is the primary way to communicate, learn and express identity. Some language learners are successful by virtue of their sheer determination, hard work and diligence. However, there are other crucial factors influencing success that are largely beyond the control of learners. ' 'Second language is any language other than the learner 's native language or mother tongue ' '(Mitchell pg 5). To be successful in second language acquisition, there are various factors which act as barrier in the process of learning English as a second language.
The first is English is a communication tool that allowed people in general to communicate with other cultures is also linked to the job prospects. Second is the construction of the knowledge, this consist in creating significant meaning to the language this process can be real through the exposition to language and generate a significant context for the students. Finally, formation of habits, this subcategory is related with the memorization of the several information mainly focused to grammar and vocabulary this memorization can be achieved practicing of the language by the realization of mechanic task.
The first language helps in the initial stages of second language acquisition as it can serve as a referent and a tool to which students can turn when needed. It is useful, for example, to turn to the first language during the acquisition of new vocabulary or to compare the structures of both the first and the second language for understanding in a better way some concepts like verb tenses.
Learning English grammar is really important as it helps to learn the basics of the English language in a better and proper manner. This book has been designed for students and those appearing for learning the language for the first time.
Krashen & Terrell (1995) explore five hypotheses of second language acquisition theory in their chapter. These hypotheses include, “the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the input hypothesis, and the affective filter hypothesis” (Krashen & Terrell, 1995). The concepts outlined in this chapter provide a foundation of the process that English language learners (ELLs) are developing through. However, like all theory, it is up to myself as the classroom teacher, to translate this theoretical into a working
I understand this if you don't know grammar you're not writing for the best skill and not the best article to reading. When I am the children I don't like grammar and not improve my grammar skill. I love to listening, reading and speaking but my grammar skill is so bad. But in this age, I don't care about this because my elementary school have English skill with the native 5 class per week to speaking,
The Affective Filter Hypothesis captures the relationship between affective variables and the process of second language acquisition by positing that acquirers vary with respect to the strength or level of their Affective Filters.
good example noted from my experience while working for seniors in Assisted Living was the
There are plenty of teaching methods that are used to teach a language, they developed over the years and centuries, in this essay two well-known teaching methods will be discussed, their principles, their advantages, and their drawbacks, these methods are Grammar Translation Method and The Direct Method.
Some linguistic models try to explain the development of second language acquisition. The three most common models are (1) the Universal Grammar Model, (2) the Competition Model, and (3) the Monitor Model. The Universal Grammar Model refers to the system of principles, conditions, and rules that are properties or elements of all human languages. At the same time, each language has grammatical rules that vary from one language to another. Thus, Chomky states that different languages have a limited possibility of different grammatical structures (1975). Therefore, second language learners base their second language acquisition on universal principles common to all languages, and on the force of the particular rules of each language. All of those can be concluded that as a human, especially as children, we have vary form of rules in language, in this case is second language.
An English learner as a second language should have the minimum idea about grammar basics such as tenses, articles, verbs, prepositions, etc. because it helps in enhancing fluent speaking either inside the classroom or in their daily lives. As a Kindergarten English Teacher, I tend to teach my learners simple grammar that helps a lot in improving their speaking skills, for example, when teaching demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these and those), they help a lot in speaking activities and (show and tell) as they know for example that (this) is used for one near noun while (that) is used for one far noun.
It is not uncommon to say that grammar instruction plays an important role in language teaching. Regarding the status and importance of grammar teaching, a variety of opinions have been made. Batstone (1994) states that “language without grammar would be chaotic: countless words without the indispensable guidelines for how they can be ordered and modified” (p. 4). More vividly, Wang (2010) makes two similes. She compares grammar to the frame of a house, which is a decisive factor to ensure the solidness of it. Additionally, she regards grammar as a walking stick, whose function is to help and support students to learn English. Thus, the nature of grammar instruction manifests its own significance as it helps students
Grammar has always been an important issue in second and foreign language learning and teaching. Some hold the view that grammar is not essential for second/foreign language learning and therefore have a ‘zero position’ regarding grammar teaching. On the other hand, some view that grammar is necessary for second/foreign language learning.
I started learning English as a second language when I was in first intermediate. I still remember my first classes and my first teachers. I remember that my teachers changed frequently in the first year but all of them have much in common. All of them used grammar translation method. They used to write bilingual lists of words on board, then we, as students, were asked to copy these lists and memorize them by heart. All teaching concentrated on reading and writing skills, but there were no activities concentrating on speaking or listening. In addition, grammar rules were taught in that stage of learning the language as mathematics equations, and we were asked to memorize the rules as we