In all of human history, people have written about inhuman beings, many of which include gods, demons, wizards, sorcerers, sorceresses, and witches. Nowadays mystical beings are seen everywhere in media. Most of society stopped believing in these creatures years ago, but for 17th-century Salem, witchcraft became a living nightmare (Fremon, 1999). I have studied this topic for years, especially anything pertaining to the Salem Witch Trials. I have read several books and have sources from universities and medical writers. I have studied the Salem Witch Trials out of interest for some time, and once I discovered the suspicion that ergot poisoning might have been a factor, I did a great deal of research in that area. This topic can be …show more content…
It was known as “St. Anthony’s Fire” because of the burning sensation in the limbs and blackening of the skin. Monks, who ate white wheat bread and not rye bread, were treating the victims and shared their wheat bread with them, which helped the victims to heal because they were not eating infected bread (Bonnet & Basson, 2004, p. 213). Ergot has been used for medical purposes since the late 1500s but was not acknowledged academically until the 1800s. Midwives used it to prevent excess bleeding during childbirth. It was not used for long because it caused uterine spasms and dangers to the child. In the early 1900s, W. A. Jacobs and L.C. Craig of the Rockefeller Institute of New York developed lysergic acid by studying ergot. Swiss chemist, Albert Hoffman, experimented with the mold, ergot, and the alkaloids that made up lysergic acid, and was studying diethylamide but the new substance had no medical uses. From this, he subsequently created the drug LSD. (May, 1998) Ergot can affect any part of the body in both people and animals and can cause problems in any body system, known or unknown. The symptoms can range from mental to physical distresses, such as extreme confusion and hallucinations to convulsions and crippling loss of movement (Bonnet & Basson, 2004). While LSD is not addictive, it can do damage similar to, but not as extensive as, the plant of its origin, ergot. In the year 1630, the Puritan refugees came from England to the
The Salem Witch Trials was an uncanny and eerie event of hearings and prosecutions of people being accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts. Although it lasted from 1691 to 1692, it lead to more than 200 people, including men and women, being accused and arrested of witchcraft and 20 of those people executed. The hysteria began with two young girls: Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams claiming to be possessed by the devil, causing the “witch-fever” among the Salem village. In this essay the circumstances behind poor harvest, sickness and the conjecture of witches and witchcraft being highly considered as a cause in this era will be described. The Salem Witch Trials were caused by environmental factors because the Salem community had limited understanding of natural causes such as poor harvest, sickness and diseases.
In 1692 the area of Salem town and Salem village became very vulnerable to conflict. Severe weather such as hurricanes had damaged land and crops, the effects of King Phillips War began to impact New England society, and colonists were being forced off of the frontiers by Native peoples. The Church and the government were in heavy conflict. And those residing in Salem began to grow suspicious of one another when some prospered and others hadn’t (Marcus, p13).
During 1692, from June to September, 24 people died due to accusations from people who assumed they were witches. Many historians have come up with possibilities and answers as to why civilized people would kill each other. Using the evidence provided, The Salem Witch Trial Hysteria was caused by jealousy, supremacy, and segregation.
Colonial America has had its patches of conflict and strife. From the struggle for independence, to trouble with native peoples, to sickness, the colonies were no stranger to hardship. One of the most infamous historical events within the colonies was the Salem Witch Trials in 1692 and 1693. Many theories exist regarding the root of this issue. During this time, due to the colonies’ belief in the occult, prejudice, and a possible spread of diseased food crops, many women were accused of witchcraft and were put to death wrongly, with no advocate for their freedom. Cotton Mather’s account of “The Trial of Martha Carrier” gives insight into this dark period in American history, including the root of the conflict that sentenced so many women to execution in one short year.
The Salem Witch Trials was a very dark period in our history that occurred in the colony of Salem, Massachusetts. These trials began in February 1692 and ended in May of 1693. There were over two hundred individuals who were accused of practicing witchcraft. Of those two hundred accused, nearly twenty innocent souls were lost. This was one of the most severe cases of mass hysteria in recorded history. There was a great effort exhorted by the Massachusetts General Court to declare a guilty verdict, that the framers of the United States Constitution went to great lengths to never let this type of tragedy occur again; commonly known as the eighth amendment. Remarkably so, some may argue that there were similarities in Salem and the
The Salem Witch Hunt by Richard Godbeer is a collection of brief documents over the history of witch trials in 1692 (Publisher Bedford/St Martin’s 2011). The book is organized by dates in order which the events occurred in. He describes the cause of fear and chaos that rose throughout the Puritans and others. Before the documents, Godbeer would give a basic run down on a claim before going into great detail to explain the event in the documents. Some of the events that occurred in The Salem Witch Hunt were strange and outrageous. The Salem Witch Hunt is the most controversial in American history and people like me questioned if it was even real. The start of the witch hunt makes me wonder if any of this actually happened and how the Puritans took everything overboard. However Godbeer does a good job on informing you and explaining every assertion with his documents.
Although some people say that Salem condoned genocide due to the hallucinogenic fungus on bread, the community was really more focused on the law of their religion, not how they denied people of their natural rights. In Salem, these Puritans had immigrated from New England so they could have more say over what happens in their presence. Although for quite some time the Church of England still controlled these Puritans. This control by the church made them obey their laws which included being denied their natural rights. This indicates why America wanted to separate from the Church of England. The past between Europe and the Puritans is similar to the“Witches” in Salem case. Salem denied these people the right to do practically anything which caused a small rebellion of sorts, such as the girls moving themselves up to the ‘law of the land’. Most accused weren’t guilty of witchcraft, but of using their natural rights. 8
out in what is now the town of Danvers, then a district of Salem Town,
The salem witch trials hysteria of 1692 was caused by the Puritans strict religious standards and intolerance of anything not accepted with their scripture. The largest account of witch trials as well as deaths by witch trials occurred in Salem, a village heavily populated with the Puritans. Because most of the trials were occurring in Salem, this meant that the accusations were happening among the Puritans themselves, which could very well be anything as long as the Puritans found it as contradicting their bible. Not only did the strict religion intolerance fuel the accusations and trials, but also the possible factor of ergot being involved which has been known to cause symptoms leading to hysteria.
Everyone knows about the blood bath that was the Salem Witch Trials, but what not many know is what caused it and how it affected Americans throughout History. In the summer of 1692, it all started. A couple of Puritans thought that their daughters were being influenced by the Devil, but what they did not know is what the doctor said would affect the whole town, and eve their ancestors. Thesis: Many peaceful years after the Puritans’ journey to the new world, trouble arose through the Salem Witch Trials by what happened, what caused it, and the effects.
The Salem Witch Trials were a prime part of American history during the early 17th century. During this time, religion was the prime focus and way of life within colonies. This was especially true for the Puritan way of life. Puritans first came to America in hopes of practicing Christianity their own way, to the purest form. The Puritans were fundamentalists who believed every word transcribed in the Bible by God was to be followed exactly for what it was. The idea of the devil controlling a woman and forming her into a Witch was originated from people’s lack of awareness on illness, disease or simple hysteria. The Colonists lack of expertise on the methodical approach through sciences, left them concluding to a spiritual phenomenon.
Salem Witch Trials: Casting a spell on the people Today, the idea of seeing a witch is almost inconsequential. Our Halloween holiday marks a celebration in which many will adorn themselves with pointy black hats and long stringy hair, and most will embrace them as comical and festive. Even the contemporary witchcraft religious groups forming are being accepted with less criticism. More recently, the Blair Witch movie craze has brought more fascination than fear to these dark and magical figures. So, it becomes no wonder that when our generations watch movies like the Crucible, a somewhat accurate depiction of the Salem Witch Trials, we are enraged and confused by the injustice and the mayhem that occurred in 1692. For most, our egocentric
LSD was also tested on schizophrenics, drug addicts and criminals (Dye, 1992 p. 38). Research determined that LSD was ineffective in treating any behavioral problems. It was also concluded that LSD might transform a normal individual into a person with a very calm to severe personality problem.
From 1692 to 1693, twenty people were executed after being accused of witchcraft in Salem Village, Massachusetts, many more died in jail, and around 200 people total were accused of witchcraft during the Salem Witch Trials. Records from the event indicate that the Salem Witch Trials started when a group of young girls began acting strange, claiming they had been possessed by the Devil and bewitched by local villagers. The Salem Witch Trials is a much debated event; historians argue over the motivation and causes behind the trials and executions, not over the proceedings. Each historian approached the Salem Witch Trials with their own brand of logic and interpretation building off of and criticizing the interpretations of their predecessors. No one historical theory can conclusively explain the cause of the Salem Witch Trials because there were too many variables and motivations among the villagers. These historians used the best of their abilities to examine the events of the Salem Witch Trials and the mere fact that there are so many interpretations means there are not certainties when it comes to this historical event. However, a combination of their theories could provide a better picture of the Salem Witch story and the many aspects in determining the outcome of the Salem Witch Trials.
humanity would have come to an end, but that was not so. In 1692 a