Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome Research Paper

Waardenburg Syndrome is a group of genetic conditions that can lead to hearing loss and changes in the color of hair, skin, and eyes (Genetics 2013). Cases of Waardenburg Syndrome are not very common. There are different types of symptoms of the syndrome. Waardenburg Syndrome can be inherited either on an autosomal dominant pattern or autosomal recessive pattern (Calendar 2013). The ways of diagnosing Waardenburg Syndrome include certain tests to detect the disorder. While Waardenburg Syndrome cannot be cured, treatments can be given to lessen the effects. Like other diseases, Waardenburg Syndrome has certain symptoms, inheritance patterns, diagnosis and treatments.

If a person is not absorbing nutrients adequately, a blood test will detect this lack of nutrient absorption resulting in the decreased of iron absorption. Also, this inability to absorb certain nutrients may cause vitamin deficiencies. These deficiencies deprive the brain, peripheral nervous system, bones, liver and other organs of vital nourishment (Dugdale III, Longstreth, & Zieve, 2010).

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: This type of dementia is a chronic memory disorder, caused by thiamine. Thiamine helps conjure energy from sugars. When thiamine levels fall to low, brain cells won’t be able to conjure enough energy.

The treatment involves a protein free diet. Fluids, sugars, and sometimes fats are given through an IV. Long term treatment requires a special diet that they need to follow. Also for infants their diet includes a formula with low levels of amino acids leucine, and valine. Must contain a low diet in these amino acids for life. It is very important to follow this diet to prevent nervous system damage. It also requires frequent blood test

Krabbe disease is a disorder in the nervous system in which the patient becomes unable to function correctly. This enzyme deficiency impairs the growth and maintenance of myelin, the protective covering around certain nerve cells that ensures the rapid transmission of nerve impulses. A large cell of a primary germ is found clustered together in the space between the skull and the brain causing it to destroy the cells. Although, this disease generally directed at infants it may also develop in an older child or adult.

“Korsakoff syndrome is a preventable memory disorder that usually emerges (although not always) in the outcome of an episode of Wernicke 's encephalopathy, therefore the chronic disorder is sometimes known as Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome.” Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute brain reaction to severe lack of thiamine. Wernicke encephalopathy is a medical emergency that causes life-threatening brain disruption, confusion, staggering and stumbling, lack of coordination, and abnormal involuntary eye movements.”

A dysfunction of an enzyme in the peroxisome leads to the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in several areas (several areas of what?) including the central nervous tissue(CNS). The accumulation of VLCFA is toxic leading to the death of neuroglial cells like the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Astrocytes in normal conditions regulate the composition of the blood-barrier in the central nervous system; The olygodendorocytes form the myelin sheath that covers the axons and facilitate the effective propagation of action terminals from the neuron to the target cells (Amerman 390). This disorder (what disorder) is caused by a mutation in the ABCD1 gene of the X-chromosome, it causes the demyelination of the neurons in the CNS inhibiting the integration of the information from sensory stimuli and the proper response to them, causing eventually death. X-linked disorders are present are a wide variety of phenotypes, CCALD is the most common and presents only on boys between the age of 4 and 12. CCALD is a rapidly progressive disease, its deteriorates the patient health in a matter of years, and due to its complexity, its commonly misdiagnosed (Engelen).

Kinefelter syndrome is a genetic condition that occurs in men as a result of an extra chromosome. The most common symptom is infertility. Humans have 46 chromosomes, which contains all of a person's DNA and genes. Two of which that determines a persons gender. Kinefelter syndrome is the result of one extra X written as XXY. Some of the cells in a male's body have an additional x chromosome. It is found in about 1 out of every 500-1,000 newborn males. The additional sex chromosome results from a random error during the formation of the egg or sperm. Women who have pregnancies after the age of 35 have a slightly increased chance of having a boy with this syndrome. Males who have Kinefelter syndrome may have the following symptoms: small firm

The show got multiple aspects of Korsakoff syndrome correctly. The woman confessed to the murder of her husband in spite of her inability to remember the act or why she did it. When confronted with questions about her murder by investigators she quickly confessed to the murder and signed confession papers. The doctor came in asked if she had picked up a cat on the side of the road named Millie. She agreed that the event happened and asked how he knew about it. The doctor says she has symptoms of Korsakoff syndrome and that she is extremely suggestible to altered memories and has anterograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories which seems to be the symptoms she is experiencing. The investigator that works with

KD is a very rare disorder, the prevalence thought to be 2 per 100,000 people according to the Cell and Tissue Research article. It is thought that KD is often misdiagnosis as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The first case ever recorded of KD came from a patient who was previously diagnosis with ALS and wanted a seconded opinion. The onset for KD is usually midlife, the range being from 30-60 years of age. The onset is often preceded by non-specific

For example, Wiskott-Aldrich and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome are known to alter the immune system. The immune system is a complex system that functions to protect our bodies from infection and disease. The bone marrow produces cells that later mature and function as part of the immune system. One theory suggests that the cells in the bone marrow, the stem cells, become damaged or defective, so when they reproduce to make more cells, they make abnormal cells or cancer cells. The cause of the defect in the stem cells could be related to an inherited genetic defect or exposure to a virus or toxin. Exposures to certain viruses Epstein-Barr virus and HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, have been linked to an increased risk of developing certain childhood

Wernicke encephalopathy, a disease that alters brain structure, and Korsakoff syndrome, a memory loss disease, are two conditions that frequently afflict victims together. The sickness occurs in individual who lack vitamin B1 most often due to alcoholism but also because of malnourishment. The condition can also occur in individuals with illnesses or after weight reduction surgery.

The XXY syndrome, most commonly known as Klinefelter syndrome (KS), only affects males of all ages. This syndrome occurs when there is a random genetic error after conception and is not curable, however treatment can help.All females have XX chromosome and all males have XY chromosomes. Unlike the normal XY type that all males have, males affected have an additional X chromosome which results into many symptoms such as impaired spermatogenesis, low testosterone, and male hypogonadism. Since Klinefelter syndrome is related to the sex chromosomes of males, it is a sex link trait.

Korsakov's syndrome is a devastating impairment of recent memory that is caused by a thiamine deficiency which can result from alcohol abuse, mal-absorption, hyperemesis or starvation. Furthermore, other causes of Korsakov's syndrome also include heavy metal poisoning, head injury and tumors. A patient suffering from Korsakov's syndrome will most likely have an extensive pathology in the bilateral hippocampus and will actively exhibit confabulation. Confabulation occurs when a patient creates pseudo-memories about what happened during a forgotten episode. Also, during confabulation the patient's recall of the events of the past seem more imaginative than logical. Fortunately, although the patient may exemplify confabulation there

Unexplained fatigue, brittle, dry hair, ridged or spoon shaped nails, mouth problems, diarrhea, irritability or lack or appetite can all indicate nutrient deficiencies