West Nile Virus Research Paper

West Nile Virus is known as an arthropod-born virus, or an arbovirus, and are transmitted and sustained within blood feeding arthropods, such as the mosquito. The disease, while having no apparent effect on the host, is then transmitted as the mosquito takes a blood meal. As the source of infection, the mosquito or other blood feeding arthropod is known as a primary vector. However, because the life cycle of the mosquito is reletively short an additional host is needed to maintain the life cycle of the virus.

West Nile Virus has many effects on the human body as well as on the bodies of other animals. West Nile is an extremely dangerous virus that attacks the Central Nervous System. It can cause inflammation of tissues in and around the brain and spinal cord. In humans, there are three levels of West Nile Virus, which have different symptoms. Humans can also get specific diseases such as encephalitis from West Nile Virus. West Nile Virus also affects animals. Wild birds and horses are the most susceptible to the virus and most animal deaths occur in these species. Dogs and cats are much less likely to contract the disease. The only way for a human or animal to get the disease is to be bitten by a mosquito

The main point of the press release is to notify the public that the West Nile Virus has surfaced and is active. One of the sub-points is to inform the public of the current case and the number of cases over the years of people who have been infected with the West Nile Virus. Another sub-point is to give the description and signs of the West Nile Virus. Another sub-point is to notify the public where the West Nile Virus is coming from. Another sub-point what is causing the mosquitoes to breed and how to prevent the breeding of the mosquitoes to notify the public that there are two types of West Nile Virus. The West Nile encephalitis and the West Nile poliomyelitis are the two viruses the press release also notified the public of the signs and symptoms of the west Nile virus. What to do and who to contact once bitten the press release gives a statistic of number of cases from 2002 to 2011 (2012). The press release also notifies the public who is at the highest risk to becoming ill with this type of virus. The press release also gives other website to seek out more information regarding the West Nile Virus.

What is West Nile Fever? West Nile fever also known as West Nile virus is a mosquito borne disease transferred from mosquito to person. Encephalitis is a disease that West nile virus can cause. What encephalitis does is it causes inflammation of the brain which in some cases can be fatal. The west Nile virus wasn’t discovered until 1937 in Africa. The disease didn’t make its way into the United States until 1999. The Virus is most common during the summer months (July- September) which is when mosquitos the carrier of the disease are most active. But in some states it is at risk all year round. Most people who are bitten and infected even receive the virus.

The distribution of exotic animals has influenced the infection among humans concerning West Nile Virus. West Nile Virus is an infection that can cause serious disease in humans. West Nile Virus is a seasonal epidemic that is in North America. It flares up in the summer and continues into the fall.

I have decided to discuss the article “Where's Zika Most Likely in the U.S.? The Answer May Surprise You” by Maggie Fox. There is a lot of concern in the news, throughout the healthcare industry, and the United States about Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and its’ role in the cause and symptoms of the Zika virus. Many factors play into an ideal climate for the mosquitoes. Heat, humidity, and heavy rains in the summertime will provide an ideal climate for them to thrive. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2016), “Zika virus spreads to people primarily through mosquito bites. The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes). The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting from several days to a week. Severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon” (Zika virus, para. 1). However, the fear that there will be a major Zika virus outbreak here in the United States is unsubstantiated at this time. The CDC (2016) notes, “Outbreaks of Zika have occurred in areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the

Beyond being annoying and leaving us with incessantly itchy bite marks, mosquitos come with more serious risks. Infected mosquitos carrying the West Nile virus can pass … Human cases of West Nile virus have been recorded since 2002. Last year alone, there were 104 cases, up from 80 cases in 2015 and 21 cases in 2014. Symptoms of West Nile virus can include fever, headaches, body aches, mild rash or swollen lymph glands but serious cases can lead to loss

Herd immunity is the form of immunity that directly occurs as a result of individuals who are vaccinated versus those who are not. In a given naive population, the west nile virus can spread randomly throughout individuals, with the contact of each other only accelerating the spread. In a population where half has randomly received some form of vaccination, certain barriers between those that are vaccinated can protect specific individuals who have not been vaccinated against the spread of the virus (Vaccines Today, 2015). In all, the percentage of infected individuals is much less in a somewhat vaccinated population than in an entirely naive population. Herd immunity can develop in the initial stages of the use of the west nile virus

West Nile infection primarily occurs during the late summer and early fall months in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast states. Some symptoms of West Nile are loss of appetite, depression, fever, weakness and paralysis in hind legs. Other symptoms included impaired vision, aimless wandering, seizures, the inability to swallow, walking in circles, hyperexcitability and in serious cases,

The West Nile virus is a growing problem in North America, and it is prevalent in the United States. A lot of research has been done on this virus, and one piece of information that you need to be aware of is that it is spread by mosquitoes. There are no symptoms of this virus, but according to the Center for Disease Control, one in five people will develop a fever, and in addition, one in a hundred will have serious complications that can result in death.

JE has two epidemiological patterns. Northern parts of Asia tend to see huge epidemics during the summer and the southern parts of Asia see endemics occur throughout the year with a spike during rainy seasons. It is said that temperature may be the reason for these differences. When the temperature gets cooler in the northern areas outside of the summer months, reproduction and development of the mosquitos slows, and transmission slows along with it. While in the south the temperature remains fairly constant throughout the year so this is not

Recent research shows that being bitten by a mosquito that transmits the West Nile virus (WNV) can cost the government millions of dollars in terms of hospitalization, medications, follow-up visits, and lost work. After examining more than 37,000 WNV infections reported to the CDC (1999-2012), investigators found more than 18,000 patients were hospitalized and more than 1,500 people died from the disease. More than 16,000 individuals developed complications, such as neurologic sequelae, of which elderly patients were at high risk for severe complications. However, CDC reports that the number of patients affected by the disease may be more than the actual cases reported since 1999. Furthermore, the researchers believe that the costs calculated may have been underestimated since most of these were based on initial costs incurred

West Nile virus can infect humans, but there are more drastic ways that it affects our lives. The virus normally lives in birds and is transmitted among them and other animals by mosquitoes. There is no other definite method of transmission, and people do not have to worry about contracting the virus through contact with infected humans or animals. Hundreds of species of birds and many mammals, including several endangered species, are vulnerable to the virus. Many domestic animals are also susceptible, but the virus does not create any symptoms in most of them. There is no way of getting rid of the virus once an animal has been infected, but a vaccine for horses has

Their results show that meteorological conditions are largely unsuitable for Aedes aegypt over the U.S during the winter from December to March, except in southern Florida and southern Texas were warm conditions where the mosquitoes can live year-round. Meteorological conditions are more suitable for Aedes aegypti across all fifty cities studied over the summer from July to September. Cities in Southern Florida and Southern Texas indicate the highest mosquito abundances and a strong potential for travel related viruses. Also higher poverty rates in cities along with the Mexico border may be associated with factors that increase human exposure to Aedes aegypti. The researchers ' aim is to look ahead at the summer months and help public health officials prepare for potential Zika outbreaks. The virus is not yet circulating in the local mosquito population yet. (Monaghan et al., 2016). The only cases are from travel and sexual transmission. According to the CDC (2016), “For local transmission to occur the Zika virus would have to be introduced by infected travelers or infected mosquitoes and become sustain in local Aedes mosquito populations.” Generally to summarize their study, cities with the highest levels of travel, the highest numbers of mosquitoes in peak summer months, and those that are in the climate range in which the mosquitoes thrive are the most at risk. The study does also note there 's a chance, due to

The number of mosquitoes increases with warmer temperatures and higher levels of rainfall, therefore there would be a rise in dengue fever cases. This article argues that although basic practices play a role in the outbreak, climate factors play an even greater role. The higher the temperatures the more likely persons are to store water. These are ideal conditions for mosquitoes to lay their eggs. This study showed that Caribbean Islands experienced an increase in the temperature by more than 0.5 degrees during 1900-1955 (Environmental Management Authority, (n.d). Also, if society does not cooperate with health personnel and take action starting with their immediate surroundings, then the efforts to contain this virus will not be successful.