Western Heritage 8th Edition: Chapter 12 Age of Religious Wars

Since the sixteenth century, the Spanish expanded their religious, Catholicism, to the America and settle their belief into the Native American. During the time period of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the religious upheavals caused many changes in the society not only in the America but also some Europe countries. This put a huge impact on the life of people in many countries.

Altemeyer, Bob. "The Decline of Organized Religion in Western Civilization." International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, vol. 14, no. 2, Apr. 2004, pp. 77-89. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com

Importance of the Weaknesses of the French Crown in Explaining the Outbreak of the French Wars of Religion in 1562

Why in God is the second person of the Trinity (the Son) not younger than the Father?

The eight wars of religion escalated thought-out 36 years, with intermittent interruptions. The Protestant progressing originated in Northern Europe in the early 16th century. but escalated in the 19th century. It began as a reaction to the Medieval Roman Catholic doctrine and practices. After a procession of European religious wars in the 16th and 17th centuries, and especially in the 19th century, it spread throughout the world. Wherever Protestantism arose, it altered the social, economic, political, and cultural life of the area The wars would end with the Edict of Nantes an edict that ingrained a limited tenacity. Frances struggle with religious turmoil between Catholics and Protestants was an ongoing crisis, however, the Spaniards belief in religion provided vast support to the moral code and allowed the police authoritative power of the state to loosen its grip on the community. History shows that atheistic, totalitarian states used force rather than religion to enforce obedience to government tyranny1 .

There are many factors that can determine the outcome of a war: manpower, technology, finances. Additionally, the value of morale and leadership during battle is undeniable, and the two are instrumental in determining the conclusion of the war. However, so often forgotten is the significance of religion and faith and the role belief plays in combat. Understanding soldiers’ faith during and after wartime may suggest that religious combatants are more effective and showcase the necessity of God in battle.

The Third Crusade was the journey of three European leaders into battle with Saladin, the Muslim Sultan of Egypt. In 1187, Saladin gained control of Jerusalem, sparking conversations between Christians all around Europe that the idea of Muslims parading around the Holy Land was horrible and they had to do something. Of course the leaders of many nations heard of this, most notably Richard I, King Philip II of France and the Emperor of Germany, Frederick Barbarossa, who decided to crusade into the Middle East and get Jerusalem back. On the way there, many things happened, probably most importantly that when the German Emperor drowned, at the age of 70, the whole German army decided to go back home. Richard and Philip continued with their armies.

kings have been using religion for generations to control the populous. These religions have been using their gods as excuses to go to war, attain more land, and institute its own set of laws, Christianity, one of the oldest religions and most followed religion, has been using the idea of heaven and God’s will to say that their god is right and other gods are the “enemies”. One huge examples of this would be the Crusades, a set of three holy wars, the first of which started in 1095. The pope wanted to reclaim the holy land because it was under the control of the Turks and Saracens, who the pope thought was unholy. Pope Urban II said to the leaders of Europe in the Court of Clermont in 1095, “Concerning this affair, I, with suppliant prayer-

The Crusades started off as a movement to fight off the infidels and take back the Holy Land of Jerusalem. During the start of these movements it seemed to be simple to recruit individuals who were willing to take the task of traveling away from home into lands they have never even thought about traveling too. Of course these movement had their ups and downs throughout the years, but overall the Crusades could be filled with willing men ready to fight against the infidels. One of the questions that Crusades brought to the ones who participated and also the ones looking in from the outside was “is what we are doing, the Christian thing to do”. Even though this question was always being asked amongst the people, the Crusades still continued. Some people may consider the creation of the Templars and Hospitalers as a positive that came out of these Crusades. These two groups were created to help protect and aid the people of different cities. Both groups also had positive effects on society and military order which helped the Crusades with their victories. With all that being said it all flipped flopped to the other side during the thirteenth and fourteenth century.

Ch 13 Outline Protestants, Catholics and the Wars of Religion I. Personalities A. The Increasing Radicalization of the Movement 1. Ulrich Zwingli—1448-1531 a. Supported by guilds in Switzerland.

The crusades were a series of 4 religious based wars, that took place from 1095-1291, in which Western Christians (most notably from Italy and France) invaded the Mediterranean and Middle East in an attempt to recover the holy city of Jerusalem from the Muslim people, who were seen as the enemy. From the Christian point of view, the crusades were a holy war done to reunite Christian loyalty and faith, and also to recover Jerusalem and to protect the Christian faith and people from the spread of Islam. However, the Christian retelling of this event is the most common, and there is very little showing the Muslim perspective, or for that matter, Middle Eastern perspective, including Jewish and Orthodox Christians, who also suffered greatly at

In the current news, the tensions between the Islamic and Christian faith are a recurring topic that sparks conversations between many people. The history behind this religious conflict goes back into the early 7th and 8th centuries during the times of the Byzantine and Western European Empires. Although the conflicts between the two religions may have not been profound in the past, they were solidified due to the Crusades. Lasting from 1096 to 1204 CE, the Crusades are a prominent event in history and they had a significant impact on both the Byzantine and Western European Empires. These four expeditions involved the long distance travel from Europe to the Middle East, the loss of many innocent lives and the destruction of cities and important

The French Wars of Religion, or Huguenot Wars of the 16th century, are names for a period of civil infighting, military operations and religious war primarily fought between Roman Catholics and Huguenots(Reformed Protestantism, a.k.a. Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France. a French Protestant of the 16th–17th centuries. Largely Calvinist, the Huguenots suffered severe persecution at the hands of the Catholic majority, and many thousands emigrated from France. Unlike all other religious wars at the time, the French wars retained their religious character without being confounded by dynastic considerations.The conflict involved disputes between the aristocratic houses of France, mainly the Reformed House of Condé (a branch of the House

French parishioners were coming out of church, they had found a large piece of paper from Switzerland posted on the church door condemning the mass. This led to the royal repression, where the French government went around arresting or killing as many French protestants as they could (Hunt, Martin, Rosenwein, Hsia & Smith, 2009).

The Crusades: A Short History, written by British Historian Jonathan Riley-Smith, offers a broad overview of this part of the medieval era, but he also explores how historians have attempted to explain these events in modern terms. Riley-Smith also makes sure to note all major contributors to the Crusade movement and their personalities. Numerous scholars have wondered whether this was a political or religious mission. This helps to spark the question of why people would leave their homes and their families to risk their lives invading a land that was thousands of miles away for religious reasons. In his book, Riley-Smith makes this era come alive for the modern reader. He does