Introduction: o African American spirituals are very important part of American history for both cultural and musical aspects. 1997 - Congress passes resolution declaring African American spirituals a “National Treasure.” o Important topics to discuss are: Slave trade and U.S. History Spirituals Lyrics and Stories Composers H. T. Burleigh – specific aid in blending cultural deficits Jon Cruz’ idea of “Ethnosympathy” And other various composers and their contributions History: • Pre 1400’s: o Slavery existed in Europe Disappeared from Northern Europe around 11th and 12th Century Continued through Southern/Eastern Europe and Mediterranean “Chattel Slaver” • Slaves are a commodity to be bought and sold, rather than being …show more content…
o First actual shipment of slaves are sent from Northern South America in the year 1499 • Carribean: o Becomes established o Columbus's son, Diego Cólon, becomes governor of the new Spanish empire in the Carribean. He soon complains that Native American slaves do not work hard enough. • True African Slave Trade: o January 22, 1510 marks the start of the systematic transportation of African slaves to the New World: King Ferdinand of Spain authorises a shipment of 50 African slaves to be sent to Santo Domingo. • Migration into U.S.: o October 1562 John Hawkins of Plymouth becomes the first English sailor that we know about to have obtained African slaves - approximately 300 of them in Sierra Leone - for sale in the West Indies. Hawkins traded the slaves illegally with Spanish colonies, but the trip was profitable and others followed. These contributed to increasing tensions between England and Spain. (As well as initiating the English slave trade, Hawkins also introduced both the potato and tobacco to England.) o In the early 17th century, European settlers in North America turned to African slaves as a cheaper, more plentiful labor source than indentured servants (who were mostly poorer …show more content…
o Between 1774 and 1804, all of the northern states abolished slavery o From the 1830s to the 1860s, a movement to abolish slavery in America gained strength in the northern United States, led by free blacks such as Frederick Douglass and white supporters such as William Lloyd Garrison • Revolutionary War: • Within three months after Abraham Lincoln is elected President, seven southern states had seceded to form the Confederate States of America • four more would follow after the Civil War (1861-65) began • Five days after the bloody Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln issued a preliminary emancipation proclamation, and on January 1, 1863, he made it official that “slaves within any State, or designated part of a State…in rebellion,…shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Spirituality: • Disconnect from original beliefs: o Forced to leave behind religious beliefs from Africa. Punished (sometimes by death) if caught practicing. • Adoption of owners beliefs: o As late as 1800, a vast majority of slaves had not been
Southern states began to withdraw from the union, even though Lincoln was personally opposed to slavery the process of separation had begun and a war was inevitable. During his presidency he issued The Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. Freeing all slaves living in area that are in rebellion. Which mean Union Army officers did not have to report runaway slaves because newly captured slaves were considered free; but not until after the Union won the war and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution was declared ratified on December 1865 which officially freed and ended slavery in the United
"That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then
Slavery in America began during the early 17th century and followed with the abolitionist movement in the late 1800’s. This movement created a continental divide between southern and northern states. In the south, there are the Southern Democrats who supported the idea of slavery and believed that the institution was necessary for the survival of the south. Southern Democrats also argued that the North turned their back on the “real” America. While the northern states were composed of Republicans, such as Abraham Lincoln, whose efforts to exterminate slavery eventually caused the absorption of anti-slavery Whigs and most of the Know-Nothing party. In the years that followed, slavery fueled the fire that started the Civil War.
Slavery started in 1619 when Europeans brought over African slaves to the United States. As time passed, slaves kept working under unfair conditions. No previous president had the determination that Abraham Lincoln held while in office. He would strengthen and unite the country while putting an end to slavery. Prior to Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation Act, African Americans did not hold any rights; however, once the act was issued three historical events occurred: African Americans were granted freedom along with numerous constitutional rights, the focus of the Civil War was altered, and the country gained support from other countries making the Emancipation Proclamation President Lincoln’s most beneficial act.
The union vs. states rights New territories were being settled. The South wanted new territories to be admitted to the Union as Slave states. This was mainly to prevent the slaves from escaping to the free territories. However, the North believed that those new territories remain free. States Rights was the idea that these territories have the right to vote whether to be free or slave. Lincoln was elected president November 6,1860, whom had declared” Government cannot endure permanently half free and half slave. South Carolina immediately removed from the Union along with six other states to dorm the Confederate States of America(CSA). The South feared that Lincoln would free the slaves and take away their economy and way of life.A moral issue In the nineteenth century slavery was not a moral issue, but more of an economic issue first and a moral issue second. This was mainly because the South’s economic system was based solely on cotton which was produced by the slaves. If the slaves were taken away that would immediately bring the collapse of its socio- economic system. The whole concept of America becoming a country was based on all men being created equally, yet they allowed slavery because it was a major part of the economy.In conclusion Slaves were eventually free at the end of the Civil War with the ratifying of the Thirteenth amendment of the constitution. This was first passed December 6, 1865 later being ratified to
Through life’s phases, many develop perfunctory habits. Many start to lose that site of creativity and enthusiasm that can bring forth positive results. However, this is not the case for everyone when their republic is funded on principles of faith, liberty, and justice. It is not the case when an individual knows he is equally as good as his companions without the comparison of skin color. Frederick Douglass’ speech titled, “What the Black Man Wants” and the speech of Ralph J. Bunche titled, “The Barriers of Race Can be Surmounted” are 84 years apart. However, both display a few of the same philosophies that can even be found in today’s modern speeches. Both speeches understand the African-American affliction/disadvantage, lack of knowledge
On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln announced that after January first of the following year, 1863, any slaves in a state of rebellion would be freed. This did not stir the South much, and the complete abolish of slavery did not take place until the end of the war two years later!
African-American is a politically correct term used to refer to blacks within the United States. The roots of many African-American rites can be traced back to African cultural rites. However, it is important to note that not all blacks in America identify with African cultural roots. Therefore, some of the rites found within what many in the United States call African-American culture stem from Caribbean and other cultural traditions. For this reason, when making end of life decisions or funeral arrangements the “cultural identification, spirituality and the social class” the individual identifies with must be taken into account. The black majority within the United States identifies with Afrocentric traditions and perspectives. For this
Africans have, since the early settlement of America, has had a great influence in the nation’s growth. These contributions to the United States from enslaved Africans have been greatly portrayed in American culture. Varying from cuisine, to song and dance are not only portrayed today but it has a deep-rooted impact throughout the United States. During the middle passage, enslaved Africans were forced to abandon their everyday lives, their families and their homes and forced to adapt to a new lifestyle they knew nothing of. However, upon arrival into the New World, due to their prior knowledge and wisdom from back home, they were able to quickly adapt and custom themselves to this new lifestyle in order to survive with the hope of potentially one day returning back to Africa. Unfortunately, African contributions to the culture of the United States has received little to no recognition and it has been taken credit for by Europeans and Whites since the early establishment of the United States.
On January 1, 1963, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared all slaves in Confederate controlled areas liberated. The document contained specific details regarding freedom for slaves. Lincoln was quoted saying to the Secretary of State, “If I could save the Union without freeing any slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could do it by freeing some slaves, I would also do that.” The latter is what was attained. While it declared slaves free in most Southern states, some select areas were exempted whilst others were not mentioned at all. Lincoln feared that these “border states”, where slavery was legal, would likewise join the Confederacy if they were included in the proclamation. The “border states” had decided to stay in the Union when other southern states seceded in 1861.
Despite the ignorance and insensitivity of their oppressors, early African Americans instilled in their children the values of honesty, integrity and treating their fellow humans with compassion, an attitude that prevails in many modern African American families. During the period of slavery, African Americans found strength and unity through communal worship. In addition, African Americans, once freed from slavery, were very active in forming their own churches, most of them Baptist or Methodist. Although, my mother converted to Islam after marrying my father once he joined the Nation of Islam, she educated her children about her religious background which was Baptist. I rely on my faith to give me the inspiration I need to move forward
While this African humanist philosophy and spiritual ideal, Ubuntu, is native to South African, it is also practiced and recognized in a great deal of sub-Saharan African societies (Oppenheim, 2012). Its existence in different African cultures may have a different name, but the same core of meaning as a guide for humanity exists, according to Oppenheim (2012).
That’s because you are not an ordinary person you’re an extraordinary person. I thank you being an African American woman I had defense my African American culture. Here’s one example I was in a 4.5 star restaurant, I walked away with a group of lady going into the same direction. A white lady turned around a single me out of the group asking if I can get her a glass of water. I pulsed and carefully collected my thoughts and said in these time I’ve could have ask you the same question it appear your intelligent enough to distinguish a waitress from a customer and those days are over and by the way the meal was amazing. For a minute she looked taken back until she thought about what I said and then she apologized. As I smiled because it could
African slaves were imported from the British Caribbean colonies to Chesapeake to work on tobacco farms. After the 13 colonies declared independence from Britain, they drafted their constitution in 1787. The word “slavery” was not written. The act of enslaving someone was not legally sanctioned and it violated the purpose of human liberty that the constitution stood for. The right to vote was also not permitted for indigenous people, slaves, and women. After the territorial expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, the U.S. became the leading force of industrial demand for raw materials such as cotton. Unlike the North, southern agriculture had built its economy on the foundation of enslaved labor. Slave trade to the U.S. had ended in 1808, and the northern states had abolished slavery in the 1780s, however the southern states had continued to rely on slave labor. When the Civil War broke out, it was not on the issue of abolishing slavery as a nation, but whether or not the new states that join should be slave free or not. Forbidding slavery in the western states would have halted any economic growth for the southern states who depended on slavery to thrive. It would also shift the balance in political power, arguing that slave ownership was a right protected by the constitution. When Abraham Lincoln became president in 1861, the Confederate States of America separated themselves
After interpreting each participant responses to each question, I consider influences that could affect respondents such as; society values, cultural/ subcultural values, and personal values. Starting with question number one all respondents answered in similar ways by starting with introducing body parts with their children. Each introduce anatomy with proper terms. Respondent number two said “silly names” shows society not being comfortable talking about sex. Respondents one and two are both sexual health educators which has affected how they raise their children. Depending on culture, sex is not easy topic for parent or children be open and comfortable. Respondent one and three is African American women. In this sub-cultural, sex it not something you discuss with parents until you are much older. But personal I see it as they are breaking habits in African American culture. Respondent number three in my opinion answered in fear of someone touching her children. I believe that her responses were hyper-sensitive and could relate to trauma or personal experience. We’ve talked about fear in our class and how powerful it can be. Although, each participant started having the sex talk with their kids the ages slightly differed in a year or two when the sex talk was delivered to children.