What Are Oncolytic Viruses?

For long before the 1918 pandemic, doctors had been trying to isolate the microorganism that causes influenza. In 1892, one man, Dr. Friedrich Johann Pfeiffer, believed he had the answer. His discovery, Pfeiffer’s

The article first addresses the issue of whether or not to consider viruses as living. Although viruses used to be thought of as being biological chemicals due to the fact that they consist of nucleic acids

Viruses are microscopic particles that invade and take over both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. They consist of two structures, which are the nucleic acid and capsid. The nucleic acid contains all genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA, and is enclosed in the capsid, which is the protein coating that helps the virus attach to and penetrate the host cell. In some cases, certain viruses have a membrane surrounding the capsid, called an envelope. This structure allows viruses to become more stealthy and protected. There are two cycles in which a virus can go into: lytic and lysogenic. The lytic cycle consists of the virus attaching to a cell, injecting its DNA, and creating more viruses, which proceed to destroy the host. On the other hand, the lysogenic cycle includes the virus attaching to the cell, injecting its DNA, which combines with the cell’s DNA in order for it to become provirus. Then, the provirus DNA may eventually switch to the lytic cycle and destroy the host.

also ended up dying and no treatment was given to infected adults and children. The primary document

There were three trial phases that had to be completed. The first phase was to inject the Onyx-015 at the tumor site with a low dosage to see how the body responds and to observe the side effects. The results stated that patients had flulike symptoms including fevers, nausea and other effects. The main conclusion from the first phase trial was that the Onyx-015 virus did not have a big affect on the injected tumor. Only 5 of the 22 patients had a response to the tumor with the low dosage of the virus [13].

A man named Osler suffered from the influenza for about 3 months. His most recent biographer believes he could have lived if he was under the care of Johns Hopkins Hospital. They might have saved him. On September 20, 1919 many of the best scientists gathered up. They had to be prepared. It was epidemic and was rapidly spreading. In just eight weeks in early 1920, there were 11,000 deaths that occurred in New York and Chicago. A man named John Dill Robertson who had been deeply concerned about this deathly virus organized 3,000 of the most professional nurses throughout the entire city. Whenever an influenza case was developed, that victim’s home was tagged. On January 22, a man named Dr. Paul Turner wanted to enforce absolute quarantine. A few years

This research paper covers the basic history of influenza. It begins with its early history

Most virus study is done with them as a pathogen, but there are a vast number of viral entities

One of the most complex and unexplored disease causing agents are viruses. They are known to be able to infect a wide array of organisms, from plants and animals, to bacteria and fungi. Essentially, anything that is living is capable of being infected with a virus. Once the host's cell is infected, the viruses' goal is to produce more viruses which will infect neighboring cells to continue the cycle.

The influenza was a surprise to the world. It spread across the world in a matter of months infecting millions of people. At first they thought it was a common cold but then more symptoms arose like fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches, and fatigue. The symptoms progressed into pneumonia and that killed most of the infected. The more people that got infected or died made it harder to work on the vaccination to help the disease to slow down and

Influenza was one of the very common disease seen in war. it was the pandemic 1918- 1919, this year was put down as one of the global disasters. Influenza is a very contagious viral infection respiratory passages causing fever, the effects of this disease are a cough ,sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, always very

At no time was a search for the cure for influenza more frantic than after the devastating effects of the pandemic of 1918. The pandemic killed somewhere between twenty and a hundred million people, making it twenty five times more deadly than the ordinary cough and sneeze flu. The symptoms of this flu

DNA viruses were thought to be the only viruses that could cause cancer because of their capability to incorporate their own unique genome into the host cell via the cell membrane. This action is a genetic alteration known as transformation. The function of DNA in a normal, uninfected cell is to control the development & operations of the cell. Therefore, when a DNA virus infects a normal cell, it has the ability to interrupt the usual functions of the cell and begin the process of mutation. Not all cells infected with the DNA virus will become cancerous. Tumor suppressor genes act to protect the host cell from becoming oncogenic.

The protective capsid helps the virus escape detection and destruction during the invasion of the host. When the virus reaches the target cell, biochemical reactions between the capsid and cell wall allow the virus to latch on and inject its genome into the cell’s interior. Once inside, the viral genetic material insinuates itself into the host’s DNA or RNA. In an efficient feat of natural bioengineering, the host cell’s genetic machinery now does the rest of the work for the virus. The cell, which had already been making copies of its own genome, now also replicates that of the virus. Coded within the viral material is the blueprint for making more copies of the viral genome. Further instructions command the production of capsids and directions for assembly of new viruses. After the host cell becomes engorged with viruses, it explodes, sending the new

Background & Audience Relevance: Influenza is an infection that can affect anyone around the world. Am quite sure almost everyone, if not all of us, have been infected with influenza at some point in our lives.