What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Microfluidics?

This technic has potential to be used in the pharmaceutical industry, directly guiding clinical research and the development of new treatments, and in the environmental toxicology studies

Initially, sixteen capillary micropipets were created in order to spot the TLC plates. Two TLC plates were then obtained and marked with pencil for spotting. A line was drawn 1 cm from the bottom of each plate, and five small, evenly spaced marks were made along those lines (see Figure 1). Each mark indicated where a substance would be spotted.

A cover slip is added and filter paper is used to absorb any excess liquid. We then drew our observation by observing cells under 40X then 100X and then high power 400x using a microscope. In addition, for a slide 3, we placed 1 drop of 10% Sodium Chloride solution onto the slide with the drop of blood. Then we added a cover slip, observed cells under a microscope and observation is made. Lastly, for a slide 4, 1 drop of distilled water is placed onto the slide with the drop of blood. Due to excess liquid, filter paper is used to remove the unnecessary liquid. Then the slide is placed under 40X then 100X and then higher 400X power in a microscope to investigate the diffusion through living

Four short bursts (around 5 seconds per burst) were applied to complete the homogenization process with a ten second pause between each pulse. The homogenized tissue solution was then poured into three 50 mL centrifuge tubes, and was centrifuged at 15000 RPM for 20 minutes. The supernatant poured through two layers of cheese cloth into a 50 mL falcon tube, and the volume was recorded. Three 0.5 mL aliquots were saved.

There is one specific branch of pharmacology that is used in the research which was Pharmacodynamics which looks at the effect of drugs on the human body. This is used because in the article the researchers are experimenting with the chip to see if it is a viable way to determine the right amount of medicine that should be given as to not overdose and cause damage to the kidneys.They specifically look at the damage caused by the two different methods of administering the antibiotic gentamicin to the microchip. The entire article focuses on the technology that would allow doctors to observe the effect of drugs on the kidneys to develop dosages so they would need to be able to understand Pharmacodynamics to calculate the dosages and also to come up with the different ways of administrating the drugs to find which is the best fit. Microfluidics is a science made up of a number of other sciences, chemistry, nanotechnology, biochemistry and more. The overall definition for this science is the field of study to create systems that process fluids to help in analyzing substances, sending signals and more. Microfluidics seen in this article because the chip used in the experiment is a microfluidic device because of it’s purpose and design. The chip is made to filter liquids, in this case it was the drug

1). In microfluidic flows, particles can migrate one place to another place streamlines to focus at specific position in micro channels because of the inertial forces that overused for high throughput, size based particle and separation of cell. In other words, migration of particles occurs because of the inertial lift forces. Existing of inertial microfluidics devices provide to good separation resolution. In contrast, the use of inertial microfluidics is limited by the large red blood cells and diluted blood samples. However, many researchers use high throughput blood separation as dean flow technique with CTCs isolation from blood. In this way, they may solve the dilution problem a little bit. Consequently, although many recent advances in inertial microfluidics, there is a still need new technologies that provide continuous, high throughput and purity of viable CTCs from large blood

Cell filtration is often necessary for diagnostic lab tests. One example of this is for cystic fibrosis patients. Individuals with cystic fibrosis often get lung infections due to the thick mucus in their lungs. In order to prescribe antibiotics for these lung infections, a bacterial culture needs to be performed, which requires bacterial samples to be separated from the thick mucus of sputum. Passive filtration is the most commonly used type of filtration in cell sorting for diagnostic purposes and extorts cells physical properties (Yoon et al., 2016). Dead end filtration is a form of passive filtration where the filtrate is added perpendicularly to the filter (Yoon et al., 2016). While dead end filtration is relatively easy to perform, larger particles can block the filter, stopping the flow of filtrate through the filter. This blockage problem causes dead end filtration to be underutilized (Mugnier, Howell, & Ruf, 2000). It has been shown that a cycle of forward and backward flushes can dislodge larger particles from the filter- allowing more of the smaller particles to rush through the filter pores (Smith, Vigneswaran, Ngo, Ben-Aim, & Nguyen, 2005)- but what percentage of backward flush is most efficient in a duty cycle with a constant amount

In this article, researchers at CWRU in Cleveland Ohio created a microfluidic platform to monitor the extent of someone's sickle cell disease. This could be instrumental in tracking the progress of sickle cell disease and could be responsible for recognizing problems and finding solutions. Due to the short length of the article, it didn’t go into anything about how microfluidics worked. On another site, I found it requires about a microliter of blood. Most chips have seven channels that each hold reagents and markers that identify targeted molecules. A syringe acts as a vacuum and pulls the blood through the channels. Then gold and silver nanoparticles attach to molecules and provide color which allows you to interpret the tests. It takes under

The cells are placed into a flask and are forced through a nozzle so small that they must pass through one by one. In the nozzle, the cells are vibrated at different frequencies to produce drops (3). The drops of cells are then scanned by a laser that is used to count and measure each cell. Separating populations of cells involves attaching antibody linked fluorescent dye to certain cells of interest (3). The information that is gathered from the sorting and measuring of the cells is evaluated by a computer. The final steps for the FACS include applying an electrical charge to the drops of cells (3). Before the drop of cell forms at the end of the nozzle, a charge is applied to the stream that will determine where the drop will go (3). Based on the charge, the drip is either moved left or right with electrodes or placed in to designated final tubes. Quantifying the FACS information involves displaying the information so we know how many cells of each color and charge were

The sensor response was studied in solution phase by end point and kinetic rate constant methods. The equilibrium endpoint methods were optimized for H2O2, glucose and cholesterol sensing. The solution phase equilibrium method helps to understand the efficiency and performance of a sensor in solution. The reaction kinetic is an important parameter for the designing and development for biosensors. The reaction kinetics shows the whole picture of the sensor performance. The pseudo first order rates constant were used for analysis of H2O2, glucose, and

Assuming no viscous forces present an inviscid model has been used for the calculations. Also from the equation of the Reynolds number Re=ρvl/μ due to Re being really big rearranging and assuming v and l to be constant the viscous force μ =ρvl/Re becomes negligible.

ADE can be used to transfer a range of solvents with viscosity ranging from 0.3 to 10 centipoise. The technology is also capable of working with volatile liquids such as ethanol and acetone which have low viscosity and surface tension. The ADE technology can effectively transfer a range of solvents with varying viscosity effectively with low coefficient of variation (CV). The CV is as low as <8% when the plate has unknown water and/or DMSO compositions. Since transfer by ADE technology does not involve any physical contact, it minimizes the risk of contamination and/or cross-contamination. This technology also proves to be cost-effective in the long run because it does not involve the use of pipette tips. In conclusion, the Echo 550 using ADE technology is a very effective tool in the drug screening automation

Microplate readers detect and process biological and chemical data using absorbance (ELISAs, enzyme activity, and nucleic acid and protein quantification), luminescence, and fluorescence detection modes, including intensity, TRF, and polarization. These lab workhorses are used in drug discovery, research, bioassay validation, and biopharmaceutical manufacturing.

To look at how the pressure drop changes when the average velocity is altered in a circular pipe and to plot a graph of Friction Factor versus Reynolds

A negative relationship between the RBC concentration and LIM voltage is observed, when more blood is added to the isotonic saline solution, blood concentration increased, therefore the protein concentration become greater in the solution. The greater concentration of protein in the solution the more light is scattered. The intensity of the scattered light increased, resulted in a lower voltage was detected by the LIM device. Thus resulted in a trend of decreasing voltage with an increasing blood concentration. Figure 1 indicates that the output of the LIM is linear. RBCs were added in an isotonic solution, which means there will be no net water movement between the saline solution and the RBCs. When the blood concentration increased the voltage is decreased, therefore, an inversely proportional relationship is observed between the two variables (y = -0.1069x + 0.0885). Hence, the concentration of blood in the unknown solution is 12.05 µLml-1.