What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Microfluidics?

Assuming no viscous forces present an inviscid model has been used for the calculations. Also from the equation of the Reynolds number Re=ρvl/μ due to Re being really big rearranging and assuming v and l to be constant the viscous force μ =ρvl/Re becomes negligible.

ADE can be used to transfer a range of solvents with viscosity ranging from 0.3 to 10 centipoise. The technology is also capable of working with volatile liquids such as ethanol and acetone which have low viscosity and surface tension. The ADE technology can effectively transfer a range of solvents with varying viscosity effectively with low coefficient of variation (CV). The CV is as low as <8% when the plate has unknown water and/or DMSO compositions. Since transfer by ADE technology does not involve any physical contact, it minimizes the risk of contamination and/or cross-contamination. This technology also proves to be cost-effective in the long run because it does not involve the use of pipette tips. In conclusion, the Echo 550 using ADE technology is a very effective tool in the drug screening automation

Diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport, which was shown in the lab. Due to diffusion and osmosis, solutions can either be hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic. Solutions that are hypotonic have more solute concentration inside the cell than outside the cell. Solutions that are hypertonic have less solute concentration inside the cell than outside the cell. A solution that is isotonic has an equal amount of solute concentration inside and outside the cell. Now, the goal of this lab was to see if red blood cells appear bigger after being exposed to distilled water. (If the cell appears bigger, than it shows that the solution is hypotonic. If the cell appears smaller, than it shows that the solution is hypertonic.

The ratiometric method for the L-Arg and L-Asn biosensors was based on the ratio of the fluorescence intensities (FI565 & FI625) of the Arg-sensing membrane and the Asn-sensing membrane at an excitation wavelength of 460 nm (λex = 460 nm) and two emission wavelengths (λem= 565 & 625 nm) as follows:

However, if concentrations of certain compounds differ enough between a healthy and diseased state, EBC analysis can be a reliable diagnostic tool (Hunt John 2002). EBC analysis has some shortcomings, the biggest issue being standardization of collection. There are multiple devices being used in EBC research including the Turbo DECCS system, the RTube, and the ECoScreen. The RTube condenser is cooled by a metal sleeve which is cooled in a freezer

There is one specific branch of pharmacology that is used in the research which was Pharmacodynamics which looks at the effect of drugs on the human body. This is used because in the article the researchers are experimenting with the chip to see if it is a viable way to determine the right amount of medicine that should be given as to not overdose and cause damage to the kidneys.They specifically look at the damage caused by the two different methods of administering the antibiotic gentamicin to the microchip. The entire article focuses on the technology that would allow doctors to observe the effect of drugs on the kidneys to develop dosages so they would need to be able to understand Pharmacodynamics to calculate the dosages and also to come up with the different ways of administrating the drugs to find which is the best fit. Microfluidics is a science made up of a number of other sciences, chemistry, nanotechnology, biochemistry and more. The overall definition for this science is the field of study to create systems that process fluids to help in analyzing substances, sending signals and more. Microfluidics seen in this article because the chip used in the experiment is a microfluidic device because of it’s purpose and design. The chip is made to filter liquids, in this case it was the drug

Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Station B, Box 1631, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States

Water can diffuse into or out of a cubicle. The emplacement of the high concentration of water determines which direction the water diffuses. If there is a higher concentration of water molecules in the cell, osmosis will happen and the urine will run out of the cell, resulting in the cell becoming smaller. On the other hand, if there is a higher concentration of urine in the cell’s environment, the cell will expand because of the assimilation of water through osmosis. The various liquids in these experiments exhibit how diffusion flows from fields of a higher concentration of a substance to a lower absorption.

The purpose of this investigation lab is to observe osmosis of water into a cell, and also how. The goal of the experiment is to prove that a solution in an area of high concentration will move to an area of low concentration. In this experiment, we used sheep blood, 0.9% NaCl, 10% NaCl, and dH2O water to see what will cause when we add this to the cell. We will then record the rate of diffusion by measuring how did the blood flow into each solution and recording them. First, we placed with the wooden applicator stick, then dip the end into the blood and place tiny drop in the slide to observe what it will do.

Cell filtration is often necessary for diagnostic lab tests. One example of this is for cystic fibrosis patients. Individuals with cystic fibrosis often get lung infections due to the thick mucus in their lungs. In order to prescribe antibiotics for these lung infections, a bacterial culture needs to be performed, which requires bacterial samples to be separated from the thick mucus of sputum. Passive filtration is the most commonly used type of filtration in cell sorting for diagnostic purposes and extorts cells physical properties (Yoon et al., 2016). Dead end filtration is a form of passive filtration where the filtrate is added perpendicularly to the filter (Yoon et al., 2016). While dead end filtration is relatively easy to perform, larger particles can block the filter, stopping the flow of filtrate through the filter. This blockage problem causes dead end filtration to be underutilized (Mugnier, Howell, & Ruf, 2000). It has been shown that a cycle of forward and backward flushes can dislodge larger particles from the filter- allowing more of the smaller particles to rush through the filter pores (Smith, Vigneswaran, Ngo, Ben-Aim, & Nguyen, 2005)- but what percentage of backward flush is most efficient in a duty cycle with a constant amount

To look at how the pressure drop changes when the average velocity is altered in a circular pipe and to plot a graph of Friction Factor versus Reynolds

of standard models of moving particles with mechanisms of local alignment. We propose an explanation for

Microfluidics technology, originated at Stanford University in Analytical Chemistry field, is a science integrated the sample preparation, reaction, separation,

A negative relationship between the RBC concentration and LIM voltage is observed, when more blood is added to the isotonic saline solution, blood concentration increased, therefore the protein concentration become greater in the solution. The greater concentration of protein in the solution the more light is scattered. The intensity of the scattered light increased, resulted in a lower voltage was detected by the LIM device. Thus resulted in a trend of decreasing voltage with an increasing blood concentration. Figure 1 indicates that the output of the LIM is linear. RBCs were added in an isotonic solution, which means there will be no net water movement between the saline solution and the RBCs. When the blood concentration increased the voltage is decreased, therefore, an inversely proportional relationship is observed between the two variables (y = -0.1069x + 0.0885). Hence, the concentration of blood in the unknown solution is 12.05 µLml-1.

Laser Doppler flowmetry, or LDF, is a unique way to measure the microcirculatory blood flow without a painful or invasive procedure. LDF uses the Doppler shift theory as a way to transmit the information, with the scattering of light coming from the laser by way of the red blood cells. [A, B, C] Micro-vascular applications have greatly benefited from this type of technology. The accuracy and reproducibility can be shown after years of extensive research. It can continuously monitor the blood flow and between every two to five seconds give an average output value. [E]