What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of In Situ Gel System

They bring together the latest scientific research with cutting edge product development. The A.G.E. Eye Complex from SkinCeuticals is an eye cream specifically formulated to reduce the signs of aging by reducing puffiness along with the appearance of dark circles and crow's feet.

Nanocrystals are made up of drug with only little amount of surfactant (below critical micelle concentration (CMC)) to stabilize formulation [14]. Most of the nanoparticles are made up of large amount of excipients which is not the case with nanocrystals as most of the part is only the drug. Besides lower amount of stabilizers makes toxicity issues associated with nanosuspensions negligible and offers ease of scale-up and better physical stability compared to amorphous form [15, 16]. Different methods are classified as top-down (high pressure homogenization, media milling, and sonication) and bottom-up techniques (nanoprecipitation) for effective production of Nanocrystals [17]. Development of nanocrystal based formulation of risperidone can be advantageous to tackle the problem of poor water solubility. Numerous solidification techniques are used to increase physical stability of nanosuspensions as spray drying, lyophilization and many more based upon the properties of drug and characteristics of final formulation. Amongst all these techniques lyophilization is used predominantly for nanosuspension solidification.

LATISSE® solution should be used with caution in patients with active intraocular inflammation (e.g., uveitis) because the inflammation may be exacerbated is required to be mentioned in the print advertisement. Also, the direction that it is important to apply LATISSE® only to the skin of the upper eyelid margin at the base of the eyelashes using the accompanying sterile applicators should have been mentioned to inform the patients about the proper usage of the product. Such statements raise considerable public health concerns and are particularly alarming when not informed in the

The nasal route has been extensively used for topical treatments in the past, for example, in the treatment of rhinitis with antihistamines. However, due to the appealing drug absorption potential of the nasal mucosa, intranasal administration for the systemic delivery of drugs has grown in popularity, allowing it to be considered as an alternative parenteral route of administration 11. The nasal mucosa consists of pseudostratified columnar epithelium that lies on top of a highly vascularised basement membrane. The columnar cell surface possesses microvilli which extensively aid systemic absorption through a greatly increased surface area 5. The highly vascularised mucosa plays a significant role in systemic absorption as blood flow, and subsequently the concentration gradient across the membrane, has a major influence in the absorption of drugs into the systemic circulation 1. These anatomical aspects, coupled with the nasal cavity’s thin and porous endothelial membrane provide an attractive option for a range of therapeutic applications 5. An example of such an application is the administration of fentanyl. Nasal delivery of fentanyl exhibits a rapid onset of action due to the advantageous nasal anatomy and provides a Tmax of approximately 7 minutes, a

Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve because of extra fluid increasing pressure in the eye (Boyd). It is also the leading cause of blindness if left untreated in people over sixty Boyd states. Varieties of options are available for treatment regarding glaucoma and all are intended to lower the blood pressure and protect optic nerve (Radhakrishan and Iwach). Glaucoma can be treated with eye drops, pills, and surgery or a combination of these methods. (“Treating Glaucoma”). Right now eye drops are the first choice of treatment because they lower eye pressure, helping fluid drain better or decreasing fluid made by the eye (Radhakrishan and Iwach). As is states in the article “Treating Glaucoma” when eye drops cannot control the glaucoma,

Different pH: If a solution with a more acidic pH is added to Bromelian and gelatin then the lower pH will cause the Bromelian to react more rapidly and cause the gelatin not to solidify.

Among other approaches tried by scientists, colloidal systems like liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles etc., have shown promise but not many products have made it to the market (7). Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are gaining much popularity in recent years. Among these, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems from biodegradable and biocompatible polymer are an interesting option for controlled drug delivery and drug targeting (8). Amongst the various drug-delivery systems, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs) are potentially attractive choices due to their natural components and easily scaled-up formulation processes. In addition, their hydrophobic core provides a suitable environment for entrapment of hydrophobic drugs (9). Among the important technological advantages of nanoparticles as drug carriers are: high stability (i.e. long shelf life), high carrier capacity (i.e. many drug molecules can be incorporated into the particle matrix), feasibility of incorporation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, and feasibility of variable routes of administration (10). NLCs are kind of lipid-based nanoparticles, which has the advantages of biodegradable, brain targeting, well-recognized safety profile by drastically reducing drug-related toxicities through reduction of nonspecific biodistribution (11). NLCs consist of an unstructured solid lipid

Many dermatologists have experimented and found out that this is effective. Long before, they just thought that it can remove lines that are found around the eyes when one is aging and if there is too much exposure of sunlight. They have proven this to be very effective in treating acne. Its method is stinging the skin and also there is burning feeling.

The tear layer has less effect on contact lens power, if lens is in perfect alignment onto the cornea. The degree of clearance of the lens enables the tear film to have a power effect on cornea/tear/lens system. Inadequate watery layer in the tear film causes dry eyes. As such the contact lenses become uncomfortable to wear.

Sometimes referred to as “artificial tears” will provide you with temporary relief, but the problem will likely reoccur.

Many molecules, particularly peptides and polypeptides are physically embedded in polymers to create a complex network of interconnecting pores through which the drug could subsequently diffuse. The pore structure and polymer composition is controlled in order to design systems that release the drug at nearly any rate and for nearly

Following epithelial debridement, Riboflavin 0.1%, suspended in a dextran T500 20% solution, is applied every 3–5 min for at least 20 min to allow sufficient stromal absorption prior to UVA exposure (Wollensak et al., 2003a). Intra-operative pachymetry is advocated by many surgeons to monitor corneal thickness prior to UVA exposure and apply hypotonic Riboflavin drops if it thins excessively during Riboflavin administration. The central 8–9 mm of the cornea is then irradiated with UVA, at 3 mW/cm2 for 30 min.

It decreases the intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor outflow through the uveoscleral pathways. It works against the extracellular matrix of the ciliary body by decreasing fibronectin, laminin, hyaluronana, and collagen, and increasing metalloproteinase and plasmin production which in return causes the outflow through the uveoscleral pathway. Very few side effects are noticed with this medication, but conjunctival hyperemia (inflammation of the conjunctiva) has been seen but it was not statistically significant. Mitosis (constriction of the pupil) has been seen with the use of Latanoprost but it is not relevant if the eye is irreversibly blind. The recommended dosage is every 12 or 24 hours in the affected eye

This novel method of administration involves thin needles which penetrate the stratum corneum to deliver the drug (101). This method is painless and increases

Contact lenses are a simple solution for improving your vision. They are a great alternative to glasses but come with their own host of problems if they are not used properly. Contact lenses work best when the eyes are properly lubricated or moist. If your eyes dry out while wearing your contact lens, this will lead to discomfort and irritation. The tears in your eyes act as a barrier between the contact lens and your actual eyeball. Without this lubricated barrier, you are left with two dry surfaces that are rubbing against each other. The pain that this creates is often immense. As a result, there are a few tips you should use in order to prevent your eyes from drying out while wearing contact lenses.