What Are The Common Characteristics That All Four Land Areas Expressed On The Survivorship Curve?

Plants are found everywhere on earth, up high on the ridge and down low in caves and caverns. The types of plants that live in these places depends on many factors. These factors are separated into two different categories, the biotic factors and the abiotic factors. Some of the biotic factors include, predation, competition, and habitat destruction. Plants with limited competition and large amounts of resources will be in a higher abundance than plants with limited resources and higher competition rates will be confined to areas and either out competed or will be the dominant species. Certain plants adapt to these factors and thrive and others don’t do as well. Some of the abiotic factors include, sunlight, water, temperature, and wind. These

The bar chart was used to compare the number of species in each transect. In transect A, there were 5 different species. The species in this area were mostly grass, forbs, moss, bugs and beetles. Bugs and beetles made up a small population of this transect. In transect B, there were also 5 species. The species were mostly grass, shrubs, forbs, moss and bugs. In this transect, shrubs were found which makes transect B more diversed than A. In Transect C, 8 species were located in this area. The species included shrubs, grass, fobs, evergreen, trees, dirt, bugs and spiders. New species such as evergreen, trees, dirt and spiders were located in this location. Therefore the test that diversity happens through ecological succession was

Plant life tends to be of low growth and, during the short summer, the birds arrive in large numbers to feed on the insects that are born in this period. The climate is cold summers and very cold winters characterize the tundra area in the northern most limit plant growth. Areas

Now that you have considered the different habitats in which the white clover is found and the factors

There are many factors that account for the changes to the vegetation over time within ecosystems in the British Isles, such as human activity, climate, soil, light availability and intensity and natural disasters. The characteristics of the vegetation that are influenced by these factors are height, distribution, variety of species, adaptations and density of the vegetation. Some of these factors have relatively little influence on the succession development, whereas others have a dramatic influence over a long period of time, such as human activity. These factors, over time, result in the progression of a succession until the climatic climax vegetation is reached. However, sometimes these factors can mean that a plagioclimax is reached,

larger vegetation zones to the way we should understand the ecology of the land scape.

For both interspecific and intraspecific competition the radish did its best however at the lowest density of 32. (Figure 1) These results did support our hypothesis that the lower the density the better the growth and the radish would thrive better at intraspecific competition however was refuted with us predicting that wheat would do better in interspecific competition. These results can possibly be explained by the idea of density-dependent growth meaning that as you increase population, resources such as light, soil, and water decrease and vice versa (Walsh and Walsh 2015). Also a possible explanation for our results is that the radish shoots were longer, taller, more in number versus the wheat shoots that were short, broad and few in number. The theory of allocating more roots if the there is less sun and bigger shots if there is less nutrient rich soil is shown in the experiment of intraspecific and interspecific competition of beans, in the end that beans that had more competition and the soil was poor had bigger leaves at the expense of its neighbors (Mania et al.

Earth’s vegetation and animal life are all part of an intricate “web” of essential relations in which both cannot survive without the other. According to Campbell’s Biology textbook, The transfer of food energy up the trophic levels is referred to as a food chain. This chain usually begins with plants, (primary producers), then herbivores, (primary consumers), to carnivores (secondary, tertiary and quaternary consumers), and finally decomposers. When one part of the chain is low in population, the species above it are likely to be negatively affected and will likely drop in population as well. In order to show how delicate this web is, and how human activity has affected this system, Carson describes a small food chain in which sagebrush

The location of the Northeast Transect Line is shown in the Figure 3. The profile information is shown in Figure 4. According to Figure 4, the length of the Northeast Transect Line is 668 feet. Each plot is 66 feet long or 20 meters long; however, the last plot, plot 10, is longer than the rest at 74 feet. The steepest slope in the Northeast Transect occurs from Plot 1 to Plot 4; the elevation decreases approximately from 1330 feet to 1280 feet. After Plot 5, the slope becomes much more subtle (roughly 1270 feet). The species composition is listed in Table 1. Little Bluestem, Yellow Indiangrass, Switchgrass, and Big Bluestem appear in every plot in the transect line. Ragweed and Heath Aster appear in 9 plots. Prairie Cone Flower, White Sage, Roundhead Lespedeza, St. John's Wort, Hoary Verbena, Leadplant, Prairie Rose, Roughleaf Dogwood, Kansas Gayfeather, Western Silky Aster, Boneset, Pitcher Sage, and Smooth Sumac appear in no more than 3 plots.

Roughly 45% of the North East Region is agricultural land (S. Wheeler, A. Loch, A. Zuo, H. Bjornlund, 2014). The primary industry is livestock grazing, with almost half the region’s agricultural land under pasture. Although the focus has been predominantly on Livestock, increases in hops, grapes, olives and nuts have expanded within the region. As observed below (Figure 1), Broad acre cropping and Dry land Pasture are considerably higher in volume then Remnant Native Vegetation RNV and Plantations.

Forest communities like Battle Park have different environmental factors within their area. On different slopes, depending on the direction it is facing, the soil and area could be wetter or drier. This study is looking to see if the north-facing and south-facing sites have differences in basal area, density, species richness, and diversity. Also, there may be some similarities in the area since both are from the same park.

After I carried out the entire investigation, I got the results showing biodiversity of two different ecosystems trough Simpson`s reciprocal index showed in graph 3. If we look generally on biodiversity index of both ecosystems, in both cases it is higher than 1, meaning that biodiversity index is not low. As the maximum value is equal to the number of species in the sample, we can say that in case of meadow, biodiversity is optimal, at medium

In order to analyze the data for the 7 ecosystem functions between two habitat types (forest vs. pasture, for example) to address the questions, I am going to use the following statistical analyses:

Plants shape and diversify our ecosystems by providing a number of different resources to the communities they surround. Plant ecology is important for predicting plant distribution and abundance for the maintenance of our ecosystems. Studying plant-consumer interactions yields information on ecosystem and economic stability, as well as community structure that can all lead to a variety of conservation efforts. Herbivory is a driving factor that can be detrimental to plant communities like the spruce budworm throughout Canada (Swetman and Lynch 1989, Alfaro et al. 1982, Morin 1994) or can maintain high diversity within the community as suggested by the Janzen-Connell hypothesis (Janzen 1970, Connell 1971).

The reserve is surrounded by highly modified landscapes dominated by intensive agricultural and horticultural land use. Common land use for surrounding areas include the growing of cereal crops, grapes and citrus (DOC Gray's Bush. n.d).