Thirty Years War 1618-1648 The Thirty Years War brought a lot of devastation to much of Europe during the early seventeenth century. It was an instinctive conflict between religious views in link about political rule that brought most of Europe that began in 1618 and ended in 1648. The Thirty Years War intrinsically was fought primarily within the Christian community about which denomination that should ruled the Christian empire within Europe; whether Catholics, Lutherans, Protestant, or Calvinists. The parts of the war known as the Bohemian Phase, Danish Phase, the Swedish Intervention, and the French Intervention. Each foreign intervention exceeded after the Bohemian Phase was an attempt to end the war which no avail occurred until …show more content…
The Bohemian Phase, the first part of the war lasted from 1618 to 1625. Prior to the war the king of Bohemia, Ferdinand of Styria who was the Holy Roman Emperor, he had ordered a decree which would have centralized the kingdom in an attempt of having the Protestant churches be closed or only give Catholic services as a result it uproars within the estates one of the uproars led to the Defenestration of Prague. The Defenestration of Prague was one of the revolts of the Bohemian Estates against the King. The main act of rebellion that took place in the Defenestration of Prague was when the people of the estates threw two of the King’s governors out a window. Due to the actions of Ferdinand the empire had elected the Elector of Palatinate Frederick V as the next king. Since Frederick was a student of the Protestant Prince Anhalt, there was a better chance of him as the next king. In the war Frederick’s adversary in both religious and political rule was Maximilian I of Bavaria. Maximilian was the leader of the League of Catholic Princes. On June 1, 1620 by the League, Frederick was told to leave Bohemia it was not long after that Frederick was unable to settle the most simple of …show more content…
The Danish Intervention started out with the Protestant Union in pursuit of the support of the Scandinavian kingdoms; Denmark led by Christian IV and Sweden which was led by Gustavus Adolphus who entered the war in 1630. The Danish and Sweden Interventions together lasted from 1625-1635 with the Edict of Restitution that occurred in between the parts. At the start of the Danish intervention Christian IV was given the title of Director of Lower Saxon District and a bitter defeat in a battle in the sea as an outcome, “Christian had to withdraw from the conflict and signed the Peace of Lübeck in 1629, giving up his claims to several prince-bishoprics in northern Germany but retaining Holstein and Schleswig” (Asch 31). Ferdinand II having issued the Edict of Restitution which essentially was the claim of all previous religious conventions and agreements, that did not follow religion of the ruler, within a set time null and void. The Swedish Intervention officially began on July 4th, 1630 in accordance with the Gustavus landed in Germany. When Gustavus entered the opposing forces were disorganized Gustavus had taken control of a city quickly. When the Swedish joined the Protestant side of the war there grew some more tension between the Swedes and the Danish as, “ Their marked rivalry… stood in the way of a joint enterprise,”(Friedrich 169) This settlement did not increase the
One is a good person. One is not. In B. De Las Casas ( 1474 - 1566 ) and John Smith ( 1580 - 1631 ) respective autobiographies “Relation” and “General History.” They wrote about their adventures and treatment of the Indians at Hispanola, while Smith wrote about his adventures in Virginia. De Las Casas was a better human being than John Smith, But Smith was a better explorer.
In the mid-sixteenth century, religious reformation was a frontrunner in the Germanic states with Luther and his 95 theses, along with the Diet of Worms. All of this reformation and change sparked a peasantry uprising against the German aristocracy, including the land-owning nobility and the German Princes. The tension between the oppressed peasants and powerful Germanic aristocracy created a lower class backlash that caused aggressive Aristocratic response, tabulating another blow for the peasantry and their newfound Lutheran ideals.
This war was cause by the unstable king of Sweden Erik XIV and wouldn’t have happened with a stable king in charge. The signing of Peace of Stettin ended a war that should have never been aroused between the two countries. This signing brought peace to both countries and informed Denmark that Sweden did not want this war to occur as it was from the insane kings
The war had a profound result with the British having rule of North America. The Seven Years War ended with the French signed the Treaty of Paris in 1763. French territory, New France had ceased to exist, the British gained control of the lands that extended from Canada to Florida with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
A war that lasted for 116 years, starting before the Black Plague, taking a break during the Plague, and starting again after the Black death ended. A war that went through many kings and started because of bitter rivalries. The One Hundred Years War between England and France was caused by Edward III’s claim to Philip the Fair’s throne, England holding fiefdoms in France, and the Flemish textiles made by the people of Flanders.
was a fight between Catholics and Protestants and is known as one of the longest
The Thirty Years War that spanned most of the Holy Roman Empire drawing in most of the European superpowers of the time started off as a much smaller rebellion in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the east of the Empire. The Bohemian revolt started with the Defenestration of Prague where two Catholic regents and a secretary were thrown out of a window by a group of frustrated Protestants. The regents had been placed in control of the city by the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, Matthias to rule until his successor, Ferdinand of Styria, was elected to replace him. The Protestants were frustrated because their petitions to Matthias asking
The four phases of the thirty years can be summarised as the Bohemian phase, Danish phase, Swedish phase and French phase, which induced the Holy Roman Empire to lose money and caused the empire to split. The Bohemian phase from 1618 to 1625 was sparked by the defenestration of Prague. This incited civil war between the Catholics League and the Protestant Union. The Catholics won the first phase through the defeat of the Protestants in the Battle of the White Mountain in 1620. The Danish phase, from 1625 to 1629,
Frederick and Ferdinand began to raise their own armies by asking for help from other European countries. Ferdinand received assistance from Maximilian of Bavaria. In Western Civilizaton, it also mentions him getting help from Spain. He ensured this help by promising Frederick’s lands to them. Wedgwood explains that this could be considered unconstitutional according to the Peace of Augsburg. Ferdinand signed this document declaring that “German liberties” would be observed in 1555. This means that each country can have its own religion if it’s Catholic or Lutheran and that they are the Electors for the empire. If the German princes do not consent to the impeachment of Frederick as Bohemian king, then giving the land away is stealing.
If you hear ill tempered, chariot riding, horse creator, you most likely won't think of the Greek god Poseidon. Poseidon's childhood was far from normal. Once grown, he gained all control of the seas, even created the horse. Even with all that control and creativity, Poseidon couldn't control his temper, he liked getting revenge. Between a rough start, being ruler of the sea, and trying to handle his bad temper, Poseidon must have had his hands full.
The thirty years war was yet another example of religious strife in Europe. Rudolf II the ruler of Bohemia tolerated Protestants in his country, but his successor Ferdinand II did not and pushed the work of the counter reformation. The Bohemians rebelled, and Ferdinand exiled and executed them. They were told to register and sell their property and leave within fourteen days to "prevent further trouble and embarrassment." (Dietrich). When the truce between Spain and the Dutch ended, fighting in Germany and the Netherlands resumed. Ferdinand then issued the Edict of Nantes (which he would later suspend due to opposition by nobles), which gave Catholics back all their land that the Protestants had taken. France then entered the war, seizing the opportunity to attack their opposing Catholic power, the Hapsburgs. They also attacked Ferdinand. One third of Germany's total population was killed, but this was not the
Many people think that painting nails is an easy task. But over the years, I have discovered that it’s not as easy as it looks. The process of painting nails requires a lot of skills such as a steady hand and patience’s. There are 5 steps on how I paint my nails.
eventually give birth to the Seven Years’ War that would be fought in the Midwest of North America.
After all of the chaos that happened in Europe, the war left Europe in bad shape. All of their infrastructure, farms, and cities were blown up and were not in anyway near good condition. Their infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and train lines were torn up from the thousands of troops marching on them, tanks and trucks driving, and artillery hitting all of the infrastructure. With bad infrastructure, it made transportation of people, goods, and tools tough. The farms were torn apart from many troops marching on them and from bomb craters. This caused many people to starve and many food businesses to die down due to the lack of production and trade. All of the cities and buildings were destroyed to bits. All of the debris of the buildings
The Bohemians elected Fredrick V as their new king. Ferdinand then called upon his cousin, King Philip II of Spain for help. Ferdinand formed an army to oppose the Bohemians. Count Bucquoy, an Austrian Catholic, won a huge battle against the Protestants at Sablat in June of 1619. The battle caused the Protestant to loose an ally in Savoy. The Spanish sent an army under the command of Ambrosio Spinola to aid Ferdinand. In the fall of 1620, the Spanish and Holy Roman Empire's army advanced on the Protestant forces in Bohemia. On November 8, 1620, the Protestants were defeated at the Battle of the White Mountain. Fredrick's defeat earned him the nickname the Winter King . Tilly, commander of a Catholic force caught up with the reminder of the Bohemian protestant force, and defeated them at the Battle of Stadtlohn in 1623. The Catholics were victorious in the first phase. This battle was the last major battle of the Bohemian phase of the Thirty Years War .