General ethical guidelines are provided by different organizations such as the American Psychological Association (APA, 2017), the American Counseling Association (ACA, 2014), and may also be provided for specific industries or organizations. These codes of ethics can be used as a way to demonstrate differences in perception of ethics from one country to another, but are only guidelines rather than exhaustive rules or regulations. However, these are American institutions, which may be helpful for TMI in understanding differences between the US and China. For example, only 4 out of the 11 standards of assessments as put forth by the APA (2017) are consistent with the Chinese standards; including the use of assessments, interpreting …show more content…
Business leaders in the US may rely more on formal policies and processes, while Chinese business leaders may stress people orientated practices of loyalty and trustworthiness. These ethical concepts are not necessarily incompatible (many may actually overlap), but do highlight the importance of understanding perceptions from each culture.
Cultural Considerations Understanding the differences and similarities inherent in other cultures may provide opportunities when working with individuals (or groups) who may have different cultural values, beliefs, and/or norms. There are multiple ways to explore different cultures. One way is through Hofstede’s (2017) cultural dimension; which are currently made up of six broad categories, including high-low power distance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-short term orientation, and indulgence-restraint. It is beyond the scope of this paper to explore all these cultural dimensions in great detail; however, it is important to understand some of the implications of these scores. The scores for both the US and China can be seen in Table 1, along with the differences between each score.
The largest difference between scores is for individualism, which can be interpreted as a continuum ranging from individualistic to collectivistic. Individualism would be the extent in which members of a culture emphasize personal goals, while collectivism would be the extent
The rapid growth of globalisation and internationalisation of trade in resources, especially human capital, has made managerial of culture differences ever so important as to understanding the different variables (Hofstede G, 2010). In this paper, the Power Distance Index (PDI) of both Chinese and aboriginal traditional cultural value and belief in family, social life and workplace is going to be examined under the scope of Hofstede’s dimensions. To a truthful stereotype, both culture heavily emphasis upon power distance in a form of age-grade social hierarchy, the variance in its operation however made these cultures unique. The value and beliefs of Confucianism has embedded upon every aspect of Chinese life, putting emphasis upon power
The average point differential between Japan and Canada on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions is 35.6. The largest differentials between the two cultures are pragmatism (52), uncertainty avoidance (43), and masculinity (42). Given that individualism has the largest differential in favor of Canada, as well as being Canada’s highest scoring dimension, it will be included for analysis as well. (The Hofstede Centre)
When a business decides to venture internationally into different countries with its products, services, and operations, it is very important that the company gains an understanding of how the culture of the different societies affects the values found in those societies. Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most famous and most used studies on how culture relates to values. Hofstede study enabled him to compare dimensions of culture across 40 countries. He originally isolated four dimensions of what he claimed summarized different cultures — power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism versus collectivism, and masculinity versus femininity (Hill, 2013, p.110). To cover aspects of values not discussed in the original paradigm Hofstede has since added two more dimensions — Confucianism or long-term orientation and indulgence versus self-restraint (Hofstede, n.d.). Because of the way Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are given an index score from 0-100, it is easy for a company to get a general comparison between the cultures they are expanding into and the culture they are already in.
Business ethics plays important role for the growth of the economy sometimes violation of that lead to low growth.
Geert Hofstede is a Dutch researcher who identified five dimensions of culture to help understand how and why people from various cultures behave the way they do. The five Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity vs. femininity, and time orientation. Taiwan has a high power distance meaning that people blindly obey the orders of their superiors, and strict obedience is found. Taiwan ranked high in uncertainty avoidance meaning that the people do not like uncertainty and tend to have a high need for security and a strong belief in experts. In individualism Taiwan ranked as a low individualistic
Every Culture has his own rules, characteristics, and has its different aspects. We have to learn how to adapt to those cultures every time we are facing them or we are in an environment that has a culture that is different from ours. We are living in a world where culture has become very important to know and try to adapt to. This paper will focus on analyzing the similarity and differences values, ethic and cultures of two different countries such as Burkina Faso and the US. As we all know, American cultures is an open minded, wide, and free country. Hofstede helps us have a better understanding of how multiples countries have a totally separate dimension. As for an example, Americans are known for their high individualism while Burkina Faso has a low individualism. As much as
Every country in the world have different culture value, even between individuals in a country, they probably have different view of their culture value too. The writer realizes that we cannot judge a culture just by our point of view. In this assignment the writer will interview Chinese culture. With this interview, the writer aim to know how is the culture in China, and also how they see something in their general cultural point of view. The writer also wants to compare the general view of culture by their own people with sources that has been published in media. In this assignment the writer will discuss about Dimension of Culture by Geert Hofstede. Geert Hofstede is a researcher that comes from Dutch. He identified five dimensions of culture, that he labeled individualism, masculinity, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and long-short term. Individualism-collectivism describes the social structure in that culture. Masculinity-Femininity describes two things, the assertive or nurturing, and gender differentiation. Power distance describes the different power and influence between people. Uncertainty avoidance describes the action when people taking a risk. Long-short term explains about the time orientation of a culture, whether they think about present or future. This interview is a great way to know how the culture in a country is, because we ask directly to the people that come from particular country, not from resources that we don’t know it is right
The United States and China boast the two largest economies in the world but, despite this fact, these two countries have very little in common. At first glance, this may seem very obvious to most people but, what exactly is it that makes these two countries so different? How is it that such different perspectives and approaches can both lead to great success? Hofstede’s six dimensions of culture are an attempt to answer these questions and more. Dr. Geert Hofstede, studied employees of the computer firm IBM in over fifty different countries. When he examined his findings he found “clear patterns of similarity and difference along the four dimensions” (Manktelow, Jackson Edwards, Eyre, Cook and Khan, n.d.). The fact that he focused his research on solely IBM employees allowed him to eliminate company culture as a differentiating factor and “attribute those patterns to national and social differences” (n.d.). He used his findings to originally identify four dimensions, later expanded to six, that could “distinguish one culture from another” (n.d.). The six dimensions all on a scale from 0 to 100 are:
In an effort to develop a better understanding of the lessons learned for a recent trade delegation visit to the People’s Republic of China(PRC), this briefing note will build on the salient points of the ethical and cultural considerations required before undertaking business ventures in the PRC. First, through a closer look at some aspects of the origins of the Chinese cultural and ethical business context one may develop an appropriate frame of reference for the present discussion. Then, with a brief examination of the issues of corruption, extralegal affairs, and piracy, it is possible to appreciate the most pressing of ethical considerations for foreign businesses in, and competing with, China.
Works ethics guides the behavior of the work force. All firms and businesses have a set of rules or guidelines influencing or guiding their organizational behavior. Further, policies that provide guidance on ethical behaviors in are influenced by different factors across nations. Thus, the workforce of nations subscribes to work ethics which possesses or exhibits some similarities as well as differences. The differences could be brought about by the uniqueness in the cultural background of workers in different countries (Beng-Huat 200). Furthermore, the political systems that form the foundation of governance in the respective countries have far-reaching effects on ethical policies enacted in the country. In summary, intuitional, political, economic, religious, societal and philosophical notions influence the evolution and emergence of a business enterprise in any country. The interaction of these factors brings about the various similarities and differences in work ethics in different countries. Hence, the United States, Malaysia, and Singapore possess some similarities and differences in their work ethics.
The purpose of this paper is to define common nomenclatures for international business (definitions), identify the impact of cultural diversities on international business ethics (problems), provide diverse cultural examples from China, India, Figi, Japan and Indonesia (case studies), and suggest recommendations to improve ethical
For many people, business ethics seems to be a Western phenomenon. Therefore, adopting western business ethical standards would seem to be particularly challenging for China, thought that is belied by the results of the research. However, it should come as no surprise that the Chinese make ethical decisions that are similar to Americans. China does a tremendous amount of business with the Western world, and has had to adopt some westernized business ethics issues to be successful in those ventures. Moreover, it is
Many studies have noted differences in ethical judgments across individuals within organizations, industries, and countries. Such differences tend to become more pronounced and problematic when one enters the international arena, because members of different national cultures frequently apply different ethical standards and criteria This remains a vexing challenge for those engaged in international trade.
· Business ethics is complex in the international marketplace because value judgments differ widely among culturally diverse groups
This is similar to Hofstadter’s value dimensions dividing sociocultural elements into four categories: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism and masculinity-femininity.