What Are The Effects Of Building Envelope Elements On Indoor Environments?

There are 25 major specialties in engineering that are recognized by professional societies. In any one of those 25 specialties, the goal of the engineer is the same. The goal is to be able to come up with a cost effective design that aids people in the tasks they face each day. Whether it be the coffee machine in the morning or the roads and highways we travel, or even the cars we travel in, it was all an idea that started with an engineer. Someone engineered each idea to make it the best solution to a problem. Even though engineer 's goals are similar, there are many different things that engineers do within their selected field of engineering. This paper will focus on the architectural field of engineering.

We can view this evolution in architecture because of new materials, technologies and ideals becoming available, new methods and possibilities were also opened up. Again, one of Kaufmann’s design principals is used in relation to the new advancements: Modern design should take advantage of new materials and techniques and develop familiar one. (Kaufmann, 1950)

Through this rule-based design strategy, the form of the building is easy to change by modifying the constraints of the parameters. The time cost of the model could save because the whole model does not need to rebuild. By parametric design, we could use the characteristics of Building Information Modeling (BIM) elements to response the data from the environmental analysis, such as solar radiation and wind velocity. Considering BIM providing a corporation system for information to share and use by architects, which not only could build three-dimensional models, predict the performance of the building, but also enable to analyze the environment, BIM already become one of the most significant computational design tools for contemporary architecture. The author uses sun shades as an example to show the approach used by designers to complete a façade design step by step and the relationships between analytic data, BIM and different software, such as Revit, Ecotect, and Excel. Also, the limitations of parametric design are mention in the

Being environmentally friendly isn’t merely a trend. After thousands of years of using the earth’s resources, we have finally come to realize that we are destroying this beautiful gift we were honored with. Architects play an influential role in trying to preserve this gift by encouraging a multitude of strategies that can be more cost efficient in the long run, be more comfortable for its users, and most importantly, have a lower carbon footprint. Strategies can include drastic changes to heat and air systems, construction material selections, or even specific design details to the architecture of a building that would reduce the amount of energy it consumes.

I made use of morphological analysis that is good for generating alternative solution ideas for the components and subsystems of products. The MET matrix is good for evaluating the potential envi-ronmental impacts of the concept design, although at this stage of development the impacts can only be roughly assessed.

As time moves forward, the design for better and more sophisticated envelope buildings will continue to be important at all the levels of construction. Basically a building envelope is the separation between the interior and the exterior environment with the inclusion of air, light, heat, water and noise transfer resistances. The building envelope acts as a thermal barrier, because it regulates the temperature of the inside, while the outside temperature can be different. Having a great envelope design can provide more effective results on any type of climate. This is one of the reasons on why building managers are focusing more in having a great envelope design, especially now that every company wants to reduce energy costs and be more energy friendly.

The normal temperature inside a building is 19-21 degrees. However there are two diverse thermal elements that influence the temperature of the room and human comfort; they are physical and individual elements. The physical variables incorporate; air temperature, mean radiation temperature, relative humidity and air speed. The air temperature within a building will change contingent upon the temperature outside the building and the k-values of the materials used to create the walls. K-values are the values that all materials have which indicates how great of insulators the materials are, the lower the k-values the more effective the materials are at holding heat. The u-value is the thing that overall heat resistance of the materials are. Air temperature is likewise influenced by the humans inside the building and the movement they are doing.

High albedo, high emittance surfaces create a roof that transfers very little energy to the living space below, and the effect can be further enhanced by ensuring that the proper amount of insulation is used under the roof. A cool roof with proper insulation can make a tremendous impact on cooling costs, and over the long term the savings may more than pay for the initial

The adaption of a second-skin to the South façade of an office building in the city Kiev (Ukraine) is investigated and compared to the use of internal blinds. Furthermore, research is done the physical domains of thermal and air flow in the second-skin, and its interactions for which three simulations were done. Due to these three simulations, the following questions good be answered:

For the average homeowner to understand insulation, it’s important to understand the concept of heat transfer (often referred to as heat flow). Heat transfer is usually unwanted – it means that indoor heat escapes in the winter and outdoor heat creeps in during the summer. Both cause energy inefficiency, energy loss, and higher utility bills. Every building is an "envelope", and made of materials that will positively (or negatively) affect the dynamics of heat transfer. The idea is to strive for efficiency.

Sustainable construction presumes a whole systems approach that considers the social, environmental, and economic consequences of decisions made within the construction industry. Clients implementing sustainable principles into their buildings definitely require the total cost of their investment in the building rather than just the initial capital cost. It is becoming increasingly paramount that clients use an investment appraisal technique that uses a whole life approach. Design decisions related to the building’s energy efficiency such as orientation, thermal efficiency and airtightness can influence the buildings costs in use and LCC can be used to

The computational processes of form origination and transformation are referred to computational architectures. Using these technologies in design has established new concepts or approaches. Kolarevic stated a number of architectural subcategories that emerged in recent decades from studies with different computational techniques, such as topological space (topological architectures), isomorphic surfaces (isomorphic architectures), motion kinematics and dynamics (animate architectures), key shape animation (metamorphic architectures), parametric design (parametric architectures), and genetic

The current model house was built for humans, whereby the optimal temperature conditions inside the structure were aimed to be between 15-35 ᵒC, with an average temperature of 25 ᵒC (room temperature). Due to results from the first house model showed that the structure could reach temperatures higher than 50 ᵒC (Figure 1), the aim of the second model house was to moderately decrease the temperature inside the structure, so it could be suitable for humans.

The Classical theories focus on designing “the one best way”- the universal design. Take in account the well known theory

Insulation is one of the most important house materials that regulates thermal temperatures. A well-insulated and well-designed home can provide comfort for the whole year. The original house plan contains no insulation is the walls or floors, however it contains a minimum of 0.1 in the roof and ceiling. This had to be altered and insulation was added in between the 2 brick layers in the brick cavity wall. The floor didn’t need any as its slabs and tiles. For the insulation in between the walls, I increased it to 150 mm so it could increase the thermal performance and retain the heat more. It is used as it slows convectional heat flow. The following diagram shows the thickness of the insulation in a brick cavity wal