What Are The Four Principles Of Bioethics?

Patients have the right to self-determination and individuals should have control over their own lives. With respect for human autonomy comes respect for patient rights. Apart of the nurses job is to promote, advocate and protect the rights, health, and safety of our patients. Patients have the right to determine their health needs, make informed decisions, and the right to information regarding their treatment and also the refusal of treatment. Nurses are obligated to know the rights of a patient and to make sure the patient understands their treatment plan. Supporting patient autonomy includes making decisions in the best interest of the patient, considering their values and recognizing differences between cultures. In the treatment

Ethical issues have always affected the role of the professional nurse. Efforts to enact this standard may cause conflict in health care settings in which the traditional roles of the nurse are delineated within a bureaucratic structure. Nurses have more direct contact with patients than one can even imagine, which plays a huge role in protecting the patients’ rights, and creating ethical issues for the nurses caring for the various patients they are assigned to. In this paper I will discuss some of the ethical and legal issues that nurses are faced with each and every day.

There are four principles of ethics: Respect for autonomy, Beneficence, Non maleficence and Justice. This four principles offers comprehensive thought of the ethical issues in clinical settings (Beauchamp and Childress 2001 cited in UK Clinical ethics Network 2011).

Healthcare professionals have an ethical obligation to respect patient’s wishes. Consequently, many legal and ethical dilemmas arise in healthcare in response to clinical decisions related to the needs, beliefs, and preferences of patients and families. Other dilemmas result over concerns about the integrity, competence, or actions of other healthcare professionals. Preserving human dignity, relieving suffering, equality, integrity, and accountability are essential nursing values (Kangasniemi, Pakkanen, & Korhonen, 2015). Nurse leaders have an

Nevertheless, nurses can use the principles of ethics to determine their course of action when faced with such

Ethics are a set of moral principles that serve as a guiding philosophy for behavior. Consequently it is not a surprise that ethical dilemmas occur daily in the health care setting. Any nurse who refuses to provide care for a patient faces an ethical dilemma (Kuhn, 2012, pp. 412-418). The reasons given for refusal range anywhere from a conflict of personal values to fear of personal risk of injury. Nurses do have the right, at times, to refuse patient care assignments. The decision to accept or reject an assignment must be based upon a judgment by the nurse of the nurse 's ability to provide competent patient care. This paper aims to show both sides of the argument when it comes to nurses refusing a patient assignment. One side believes that nurses has the right to refuse patient assignment, as they must be true to themselves if they want to perform their best on the job. On the other hand, the other side believes that it is the nurse’s responsibility to care for all patients and, therefore nurses cannot simply refuse a patient.

Autonomy, Nonmaleficence, Beneficence, and Justice are four bioethical principles in health care. It seems that all new technologies and devices which are used in different health care fields have been trying to respect these principles. However, sometimes using new technologies in health care could have negative impacts for patients, such as leaking their health information and being accessible to unauthorized persons, but in my opinion, most new technologies are helping health care professionals and patients for better care outcome. One of these technologies is sensors and wearable technology which helps patients to collect their health data and transfer them to the providers. Then, those data are used by health care providers to see if

The nursing profession is a very intricate and comprehensive vocation that brings forth many situations that every nurse ought to be prepared to resolve ethically. These situations may be easily settled or may be quite complex. There are four main principles of health care ethics that are pertinent within the management of each client to assist with circumstances brought forth by each individual. The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines a difference between the meaning of client and patient. A client is one who takes advice from a practitioner whereas a patient is one who is “undergoing medical treatment” (American Nurses Association, 2015). It is the obligation of the medical professional to ensure each client receives a) respect for autonomy, b) nonmaleficence, c) beneficence and d) justice. These four principles, although listed, are not in any particular order and one does not take precedence over the other. Every client has a basic human right to assume these principles upon each meeting with a health care professional as a prima facie duty of the practitioner.

Because of the complex nature of nursing there are plenty of opportunities to question ethical, moral, and legal standards. Marquis and Huston (2015a) described these opportunities as results of the expectation of nurses to meet the needs of patients, physicians, and the organizations they serve while still maintaining the values and morals the nurses have established for themselves (Marquis & Huston, 2015a). Teleological frameworks that focus on the overall benefit of those involved and deontological frameworks like duty-based reasoning, rights-based reasoning, and institutionist framework play a part in decision-making in nursing. Marquis and Huston also described some recent frameworks including ethical relativism, where decision makers involve what they perceive as right, and ethical universalism, which represented the concepts that are the foundation of the ANA Code of Ethics and Professional Standards (Marquis & Huston, 2015a).

Nursing ethics shares many principles with medical ethics, such as beneficence, non-maleficence and respect for autonomy. It can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, human dignity and collaborative care. In the field of nursing we are often times faced with dilemmas that cause us to walk the fine line of ethical practice and safe judgment. As in any case what must be realized, calculated, and measured is the simple fact that what we do on a day to day basis is protecting that which matters the most. We are the guardians of what all people hold near and

Nurses have an ethical and professional responsibility to advocate for patient autonomy when patients are cognitively competent and to protect their well-being when they are deemed incapacitated. These are necessary professional roles concerning the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and respect for others. Virtue ethics is a form of deontology that adheres to the philosophy that humans have a duty (obligation) to themselves and others; moreover, to adhere to the ethical principles and perform virtuous actions and avoid vice. These cardinal virtues include wisdom, courage, temperance, justice, fortitude, generosity, self-respect, good-temper, and sincerity (Guido, 2001, pp. 33–38). Additionally, patients have the right to patient-centered care, privacy, be free from discrimination (culturally competent care), and prompt complaint resolution. It is imperative that nurses be familiar with the Code of Ethics for Nurses, along with ethical principles and employ these as guidelines for professional competence both inside and outside the areas of practice.

Health care professionals must learn how to balance the principles of Nonmaleficence, Beneficence, Autonomy, and Justice especially in a busy hospital as in the case of Armando Dimas. Health care ethics is a type of normative, applied ethics. It is based on the assumption that, despite all of our differences, we can determine what is right and wrong within the constraints of a human condition prone to error. The goal of health care ethics is to provide health care professionals, students who seek health care careers, and members of the general public with moral guidelines that any rational

Nursing is an all encompassing profession in which practitioners are not only proficient in technical medical functionality, they also have the obligation to remain compassionate and respectful of patients and as such are expected to adhere to pre established codes of ethics. Of these ethics, autonomy is of extreme importance as it offers patients a sense of personal authority during a time where they may feel as if their lives, or at the very least their health, is no longer under their control. Autonomy in the context of nursing allocates the patient and often their family with the final word on the course of treatment. The concept of patient autonomy is a highly variable subject in all fields of health care. It is a universal concept that varies widely in its meaning and interpretation. Autonomy in its simplest form can be defined as a state of independence or self governing (Atkins, 2006). Patient autonomy can also be defined as the ability to make once own decisions, based on one’s sound judgment. It is defined by the American Nurses Association (ANA, 2011) as the "agreement to respect another 's right to self determine a course of action; support of independent decision making." This seemingly straight forward ethical concept is rife with difficulties when one considers potential disagreements that may arise even when informed consent is provided, particularly among children or vulnerable people. Relevant research and

According to Yoder-Wise (2014), “The Code of Ethics for Nurses (ANA 2001) should be the starting point for any nurse faced with an ethical issue” (p. 93). It is very important for health care providers to maintain an awareness of any potential ethical problems that may arise. In order to do this, the health care provider must have a strong awareness of their own individual ethical principles and practices. However, even as healthcare providers are tasked with looking within themselves to find the strength and means to support their patients, it is imperative that they try to maintain a balance between patient autonomy and their own feelings. The health care providers must focus on their belief in beneficence and nonmaleficence in regards to their patients.

Ethics is an essential aspect of health care practice and those working in the nursing profession are often subject to frequent ethical dilemmas. It is essential for all nurses to be aware of the importance of ethics in health care and to practice within the ethico-legal parameters that govern the profession. However, while this is relatively easy in theory, ethics is not a black and white subject and often one’s culture, upbringing, attitudes and beliefs can influence what one views as ethical and this can therefore influence practice. This report will discuss the importance of ethics in nursing practice. The definition of ethics will firstly be presented followed