What Are The Inventions To Promote Smoking Cessations Among Teenagers?

In the United States, smoking cigarettes is the number one preventable cause of morbidity and death (Bergen, 1999), and accounts for $300 Billion in health care costs and economic productivity loss (Jamal, 2015). While the national smoking rate is 16.8% (CDC, 2016), specific demographics are more susceptible to developing smoking habits: people who live below the poverty line (10.9% higher), disabled or with a limitation (6.2% higher), and males (4.7% higher) (Agaku, 2014).

The initial phase of the self-directed intervention consisted of baseline measurement of smoking behaviour. Baseline data was collected for a period of 7 weeks and a functional assessment was completed during this time. Upon starting the intervention phase, the final target behaviour of smoking cessation was broken down into smaller, short-term objectives lasting 2 weeks each.

middle (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2011-2014 National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTS). In 2014, e-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product among middle (3.9%) and high (13.4%) school students. Between 2011 and 2014, statistically significant increases were observed among these students for current use of both e-cigarettes and hookahs (p<0.05), while decreases were observed for current use of more traditional products, such as cigarettes and cigars, resulting in no change in overall tobacco use. Consequently, 4.6 million middle and high school students continue to be exposed to harmful tobacco product constituents, including nicotine.” (Arrazola

Most often seniors in high schools can purchase cigarettes because they are 18, so they distribute them to underclassmen or friends. Nearly 21 percent of high schoolers in public schools smoke cigarettes, which would be about 3.13 million students (Preidt). My survey shows that only four percent, or two out of 49 people admit their addiction to cigarettes. The two students admitted that stress is their reasoning for why they began smoking and continue, but only one has support to end their need to smoke. While the student with assistance is continuing to smoke, they are attempting to stop; however, the effects of smoking are obviously severe (lung disease, cancer, bronchitis, etc.) and cannot continue. Cigarettes may be a partial stress reliever although the permanent and long-term effects should be proof enough that this addiction is a necessity to prevent in our high schoolers even if it is four

The table that was chosen from Health United States, 2014 report, was on the following determinant of health: “Current cigarette smoking among adults age 18 and over, by sex (female), race and age; United States, selected years 1965-2013”; this table (below) was listed as table 52 on the report, found on page 182. Using the data from the selected table, a specific health problem that should be the focus of one research subject in public health is cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a specific health problem because the table, shows the trend of cigarette smoking (with some variation), on the decline for all categories for females (race and age) as years progress. The problem of cigarette smoking still needs to be addressed

This 2013 study by Bullen, Williman, Howe, Laugesen, McRobbie, Parag, and Walker compares electronic cigarettes versus nicotine patches for smoking cessation. On the negative side, the methods for recruitment included newspaper ads and television program. These approaches may create a sampling bias because sampling only people with access to newspapers and television may not proportionately represent the population. Another concern is the limitation to only one brand of electronic cigarette and one level of nicotine in the patches. If the group included a wider variety of brands and nicotine levels the outcomes may vary. Another key point is all of the participants were offered behavioral support, but the use of the support was not included

Evaluation is one of the most important part of a program as is helps in determining whether the program was successful or not as well as identifying possible improvements need to be implemented on the program. The program will educate young adults and adolescents of the positive and negative effects of alternative tobacco products such as e-cigarettes compared to conventional cigarettes. Furthermore, the program will assist individuals who are willing to quit smoking conventional cigarettes as well as e-cigarettes by providing participants supplemental materials such as nicotine gums, as well as having group sessions, and individual sessions with trained counselors and therapists. The program will be continuously evaluated and will use different types of evaluation. Initially, a

There are three levels of health promotion prevention. The first level of prevention is primary prevention. The main purpose is for individuals take a proactive approach through health promotion to decrease the risk of obtaining a disease before it occurs. The focus is on making individuals, families and communities aware of health related issues. An example would be an educational program with school-aged children. The program would be based on the effects of smoking, facts and myths about smoking, smokeless tobacco use, costs of smoking, advertising awareness, smoke free environment and advocacy (Tingen, Andrews & Stevenson, 2009). Nurses with evidenced based practice to inform children, as well as their parents, of the effects of smoking, conducted these programs and studies. Secondary level of health promotion is when an individual moves away from unhealthy behavior and the disease or behavior is identified before symptoms occur. Screenings and diagnostic tests are used to help identify health problems and information is provided on transformations that can be made to help reduce the risk of chronic health problems. An example of this would be aimed at helping individuals who smoke tobacco with successful cessation. The Computerized Adolescent Smoking Cessation Program (CASCP) which was developed by a family nurse practitioner, Deborah Fritz, targeted youth that were in the pre-contemplation and

In the study, the participants who were recruited were from the SECASP project. The study was a longitudinal study based on examining the smoking behavior amidst 12,970 young adolescents, studying in high school in ninth and tenth grade, recruited from 16 different Chicago high schools. These young participants were examined based on their smoking behavior and the results were used as part of the longitudinal study by associating it with 1,263 participants with variability in smoking experiences. However, a part of the study’s data was collected to observe the mood behavior associated with smoking, but the result of the effects did not show any nicotine dependence change. (Piasecki, Hedeker, Dierker, & and Mermelstein, 2014)

This was a cross-sectional study where participants consisted of students enrolled at San Diego Mesa College and majoring in either the Social or Behavioral Sciences. A convenience sampling design was employed such that students were recruited by three of the authors and invited to complete the survey. The study had a specific consent form which contained language on the voluntary nature of participation and the right to withdraw at any time following the NIH Office of Extramural Research directives for the protections of human research participants. Questions related to participant’s demographics, tobacco use, attitudes about smoking, current negative affect, and questions about emotional intelligence were included in this study.

One limitation provided by the authors is the inability to confirm the smoking status since the participants gave self reported data. Another limitation is the high dropout rate of the study. The data anaylsis did not describe the test used and did not provide a P-value.

Other than that, a different literature that formed part of a longitudinal randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of MI, CBT and NRT compared to standard smoking cessation treatment among people with a mental disorders found that it is useful to expect interest from patients, as many being at the contemplation and action stages (Baker, Richmond, Haile, Lewin & Carr et al., 2007). It is possibly very valuable for general practitioners or other health care workers to encourage patient to consider quitting, ask patient’s reasons for quitting then focus on motivational interventions. There is a need to target young people for smoking cessation interventions. This of course is looking at stopping the progression early. Targeting those at risk for abusing other substances, and address patient’s lifestyle factors (stress and boredom) can probably improve smoking cessation rates and provide a better quality of life. Health care workers need to give appropriate pharmacological interventions for nicotine dependence, involve GPs to conduct smoking cessation interventions and consider training mental health care workers in interventions for smoking cessation as these would benefit patients as well as the health care system as the burden of disease is lessen (Baker, Richmond, Haile, Lewin & Carr et al., 2007).

One of the largest issues today is adolescent smoking. According to a heath based website, nearly 90% of adult smokers start while they are still teens and they never intend to get hooked. They may start by bumming a cigarette or two from a friend at a party, and then go on to buying an occasional pack. Soon they realize that they can't go without that pack. They've gotten used to reaching for a cigarette first thing in the morning, after meals, or during any stressful time. They become addicted, both physically and psychologically. According to the American Lung Association, each day 6,000 children under the age of 18 smoke their first cigarette. Almost 2,000 of them will become regular smokers – that’s 757, 000 new smokers annually!

The target population for this study is high school students in Missouri. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2016), electronic cigarettes are most popular among “young adolescents (11-14 years of age); adolescents (15-17 years of age); and/or young adults (18-25 years of age)”. By using a population of 9-12 graders, all respective populations were accounted for. The inclusion criteria for this study was limited to high school students who were enrolled in one of 20 selected high schools. Furthermore, this indicated that the sample population was limited to students ranging from 14-19 years of age. Additionally, all race demographics were included. As a result, data was collected cross-demographically and

The contribution to patient care can be seen with health promotion assessment use. The conclusions were clear about teens needing a plan to quit after they reached the maintenance phase of smoking. This result alerts nurses to assess smoking in younger adolescence and offer assistance with smoking cessation.