What Are The Negative Side Effects Of DES

The blood vessel that Dr. Eltahawy was concerned about was thin and looked as though it would collapse in on itself. First, Dr. Eltahawy tried a balloon catheter. At the top of the catheter was a small balloon that could inflate to maintain a shape or structure of a blood vessel. However, because the blood vessel was so thin, the balloon catheter was not very effective. Instead, Dr. Eltahawy installed a stent. A stent is a wire mesh tube. It is placed in a blood vessel permanently to maintain the shape of the vessel and to allow for the free flow of blood. Throughout this entire independent study, I realize that shadowing in the medical field is less about learning about medicine and more about discovering about whether becoming a doctor is the right step. This independent study has been a step in the right

Leads to a reduced ability to form blood clots due to a decreased number of platelets.

Studies have shown that prescribing patients certain medications can aid in cardiac health and keeping coronary stents patent after discharge from the hospital post

Some lifestyle-related conditions and decisions increase the likelihood of a person having heart disease. Some examples are diabetes, overweight and obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity and excessive consumption of alcohol. High blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (BAD) cholesterol, and smoking are key risk factors for heart disease. LBD is considered to be "bad" cholesterol because having high levels can lead to accumulation in the arteries, which can cause heart disease and stroke. If you lower your blood pressure and cholesterol, and if you do not smoke, you will reduce your chances of having heart disease. Now, in case of emergency, angioplasty which is the best treatment needs to get done. In this case we need to kake in consideration that not all hospitals are capable to made the process, so we need to be aware of our options. After the angioplasty you should take a daily medication, which will help your heart adapt to the implanted stents and they will not close again, a phenomenon known as restenosis, his medication should not be forgotten any day in order to minimize future

The period entered for the search was from January 2002 to August 2015. The Search terms were: “dual antiplatelet therapy”, “shortened DAPT”,”, “clopidogrel”, “early discontinuation”, “Drug-eluting stenting in diabetes mellitus AND Dual Antiplatelet Therapy”, “extended DAPT”, “prolonged DAPT”, “gastroenteritis AND clopidogrel”, “Delayed eosinophilic gastroenteritis and gastroenteritis”, “thienopyridine”, “P2Y12”, “premature cessation “drug eluting stents AND diabetes” , “duration of dual antiplatelet therapy”. The search had to be modified to include patient’s co-morbidities, medications and medical condition. The search initially started with optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients after drug-eluting stent revascularization, and then the search was broadened to include diabetic patients with drug-eluting stent. Lastly I included gastroenteritis to unearth any relation between clopidogrel and Mrs GL’s hospital admittance.

Venous thrombosis is a multifactorial disease. In the majority of thrombosis patients a risk factor is not detectable. Virchow's triad refers to three primary influences for thrombus formation, endothelial injury, stasis, turbulence or abnormal blood flow, and blood hypercoagulability (Kyrle, 2009). A shift in balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant of the endothelium is responsible for thrombotic state (Kyrle, 2009). Endothelial injury is the physical loss of endothelium leading to exposure of subendothelial extra-cellular matrix, adhesion of platelets, release of tissue factor, depletion of PGI2 and plasminogen activators (Kumar, 2010). Abnormal blood flow refers to turbulence that causes endothelial injury, which is a major influence

The doctor will move the tip of the catheter to the narrow section of the artery and inflate the balloon. As the balloon inflates it pushes the plaque against the artery wall, which widens the artery and helps restore blood flow. The fully extended balloon also expands the stent pushing in to place in the artery. The stent supports the inner artery wall and reduces the chance of the artery becoming narrow or blocked again. Once the stent is in place the balloon is deflated and pulled out along with the catheter, the stent remains in your artery. Over time cells in your artery grow to cover the mesh of the stent, they create an inner layer that looks like the inside of a normal blood vessel. Stent usually are made of metal mesh but sometimes they're made of fabric. Fabric stents, also called stent graphs, are used in larger arteries. Some stents are coated with medicine that is slowly and continuously released into the artery. The medicine helps prevent scar tissue from blocking the artery following the procedure. Stents can help prevent arteries from becoming narrow or blocked

After the occurrence of a wound the inflammatory process immediately begins and can last up to 3 days ("Wound Healing" 2016), the initial injury causes the small vessels around the wound site to be disturbed resulting in bleeding, the body’s first response is a haemodynamic one in that it restricts these vessels in order to prevent blood loss. There then comes a rapid release of preformed inflammatory mediators from the cells surrounding the injury, the first thing this causes is the aggregation of platelets, these platelets adhere to extracellular surface structures which are exposed, such as collagen and basement membranes, this in turn causes serotonin from platelet stores to be stimulated. (Kirk, Phillips and Murray 2001)

A further study of the DANAMI-2 trial focusing on timing of intervention in STEMI (18) attempted to determine the importance of system delays in treatment of patients with fibrinolysis or pPCI. It found that the effectiveness of pPCI was less sensitive to time than that of fibrinolysis, although they both showed incremented increase in absolute mortality associated with delay. Their findings are present in figure 5:

Exclusion criteria for the study included: Patient refusal to consent (absolute), infection in the patients back near the proposed site of the injection, coagulation disorder :-( defined as PT: > 18 sec, PTT: >40 sec, I.N.R: > 1.5, clotting time: >8 min, platelet disorder: platelet count: < 100.000, bleeding time: >4 min, HELLP Syndrome: - (defined as Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count), receiving any anticoagulant drugs, preexisting neurological disease or psychic patients, history of cardiac and respiratory system failure, known allergy to local anesthetics drugs, coexisting renal disease and eclamptic patients.

This paper will start with introductory material. Indent paragraphs in the body of the paper.

DAPT had to have long enough time after implanting the stent into arteries to prevent stent thrombosis.Premature discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy, also known as premature discontinuation of DAPT, means discontinuation of DAPT for less than three months for sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and shorter than six months for paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES). The outcome of the premature discontinuation of DAPT can increase the risk of stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and death. Bare-metal stents (BMS) do not relate to blood clotting issues after stent implantation such as stent thrombosis. Therefore, it can be said that BMS do not need anti-clotting therapies. On the contrary, drug-eluting stents have been involved with late stent thrombosis. To prevent this issue, optimal conditions of several factors should be considered. Those factors can be stent position and expansion, the number of stents, stent size, stent design, patient and lesion, and premature discontinuation of antiplatelet medicines. Revascularization can be defined that produce the healthy blood circulation to a body part again under the situation carrying depletion of oxygen to an organ. The terminology, revascularization, is usually used by surgical

Bare metal stents (BMS) prevent the risk of the artery collapsing, but they do not reduce the risk of restenosis, the reoccurrence of the artery becoming narrowed and leading to decreased blood flow. The development of drug-eluting stents (DES) has improved the risk of restenosis. However, DES are associated with the risk of stent thrombosis, the formation of a blood clot inside the artery that can lead to decreased blood flow. Innovations in heart stents are continuing, and second-generation DES and new stents are under

We conducted electronic searches in 13 databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Institute of Science Index (ISI), Scopus, WHO Global Health Library (GHL), Virtual Health Library (VHL), New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report (NYAM), System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE), Popline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Clinicaltrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ICTRP and United kingdom Clinical Trials Gateway (UKCTG) to identify relevant articles. Also , we searched manually for additional potentially relevant articles . Studies were included if they were Randomized clinical trials comparing multi-vessel (simultaneous or staged) versus culprit-only

The stent will be placed where it can be expanded to hold the artery open. Some stents are designed to simply keep the artery held open. Other stents used are drug-eluting stents. These stents are coated with pharmacologic agents that work to prevent restenosis of the artery.