What Are The Pros And Cons Of The 13th Amendment

The United States is a immigrant country, which faces varieties of problems. The African American problem is one of the most serious one. Racial segregation is a deep-rooted social problem, which reflects in every field in the United States. For example, education, labor market and criminal justice system. In the aspect of education, most of black children were not permitted to enter the school, because the white children studied there. In the aspect of labor market, the black people 's average wages were lower than the whites. They did the manual work. In the aspect of criminal justice system, the blacks were easily in jail. Badly, their sentences were also more serious than the whites. In general, the blacks live in the bottom of the American society. Martin Luther King delivered the famous speech I Have a Dream, ' ' I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. ' ' (1) However, it was difficult for African American to get the freedom. The 1776 Declaration of Independence announced that everyone are equal and freedom.But black slavery still occurred in the southern states of America. Then the Civil War broke out, African American kept struggling for land and political rights.

The 13th amendment abolished slavery and freed millions of African Americans. This was supposed to improve their lives and give them a new beginning. However, more than 30 years after the abolishment, their situation has not improved. Their right to vote was revoked in many southern states during the early 1890s. Less than 40% of black children were enrolled in schools in Georgia by 1880. Between 1880 and 1918, over 2400 African Americans were hanged. Africans had the lowest paying jobs and very few owned land. Jim Crow laws were established in many southern states to legalize segregation. Their situation was disastrous and wasn’t improving. Four respected spokespersons presented their ideas to fix this racial inequality crisis. The four courageous people who offered their alternatives were Ida B Wells, Booker T. Washington, Henry Turner and W.E.B Du Bois.

The Voting Rights act of 1965 was established on August 6, 1965. This law was set to outlaw discrimination of voting practices adopted in many Southern States after the civil war, including literary test as a prerequisite to voting. The act was signed into law by former president Lyndon Johnson after a century of deliberate and violent denial of the vote to African- Americans in the South and latinos in the Southwest as well as many years of entrenched electoral systems that shut out citizens with limited fluency in english. The voting Rights act of 1965 has traced back to the 14th and 15th Amendment where it grants citizenships to all persons born in the united states including former slaves and provided all citizens with equal protection

Many people did not choose to follow the 15th Amendment and they would set certain restrictions on African Americans to keep them from exercising their basic right to vote. Things like the grandfather clause, poll tax, and literacy test were created to help prevent them from voting. The grandfather clause stated only those whose grandfathers voted in 1867 election were able to vote. African Americans weren’t allowed the right to vote until 1870, which meant none of them could vote. The poll tax was a tax that said you had to pay a fee to be able to vote and since most African Americans were poor so they were unable to pay.

The Fifteenth Amendment granted black men to vote. Put emphasis on men because at this time women still couldn't vote.This amendment would not be fully followed until almost a century. What the government did was that they made a literacy test so difficult that no slave could pass because they had no education. So no blacks could vote really for a long time. So to loop their loophole that made a rule called the Grandfather Clause. This made if your grandfather could vote you did not have to take the literacy test. So every white person's grandfather could vote since they lived in england. So this rule did not apply to blacks since their grandfathers were black and could not vote. One of the main reasons that they made this rule is because

Many people like to argue that prior to the ratification of the 13th Amendment different people or groups freed the slaves. However it was Abraham Lincoln who freed the slaves. Lincoln was not able to abolish slavery at first due to the fact that It was sanctioned by the highest law in the land, the Constitution. In which the Constitution included key clauses protecting the institution, including a fugitive slave clause and the three-fifths clause. Lincoln later in a three-hour speech in Illinois of 1854, he presented more clearly than ever his moral, legal and economic opposition to slavery. Only with his support of the eventual 13th Amendment, would Lincoln finally win over the most committed abolitionists. He used a multitude of methods to free the slaves, a small list that actually had an impact would start with his speech at Newhaven.

Voting is a right that is given to all citizens by the 15th Amendment of the Constitution. Although the 15th amendment was ratified in 1870. It was not until The Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed that African Americans got to exercise their right to vote under the 15th amendment at the state and local level; which overcame the legal barriers that existed at those levels that was in place to prevent African Americans from voting.

In April of 1866, Congress enacted a Civil Rights Act in response to southern Black Codes. This Act granted new rights to native born blacks. They now had the right to testify in court, to sue, and to buy property. President Johnson vetoed the Act claiming it was an invasion of states' rights and would cause "discord among the races." Congress overrode the veto by a single vote. Which then marked the beginning of an escalating power struggle between the President and Congress that would eventually lead to impeachment. In June of 1866, Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing civil liberties for both native born and naturalized Americans and prohibiting any state from depriving citizens of life, liberty, or property, without due process. This Amendment granted the right to vote to all males who were twenty one and older. Johnson opposed the Amendment on the grounds it did not apply to southerners who were without any representation in Congress. Tennessee was the only southern state to ratify the Amendment.

Thanks to the groundbreaking Thirteenth Amendment, no person may be forced to work except in retribution for a crime he or she committed. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is often viewed only as the amendment that abolished the insufferable slavery of African-Americans, - and this does appear to be the case on the surface - however many more interpretations promise many useful arguments for the labor movement and cause controversy over its ineffectiveness in combating racism and its hand in creating the hotly-debated American for-profit prison system.

After the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment granting former slaves the right to vote, many southern states implemented a variety of methods to prevent the adoption of the new law. The Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 was the solution to the unfair methods implemented. It removed the

African-Americans had been enslaved and treated unfairly without justice for over a long period of time, and it was time to take action. The cruel discrimination led to the Civil War, where the nation had broken apart and fought over civil rights for slaves. When the North side of the nation won the war and the slaves were freed from their owners, Congress added three amendments to the Constitution of the United States. These were called the Reconstruction Amendments, and one of which was the 15th Amendment. ( ) The Fifteenth Amendment gave African American men the right to vote. The amendment was ratified on February 3rd 1870 and was adapted into the US Constitution on March 30th 1780. The amendment states “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”. (American Vision 144) Not only did the amendment grant African Americans the right to vote but also granted them as equal citizens. African Americans had to face a lot of obstacles that were put in their way to keep them from voting for about a century!

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed saying that every man would have the right to vote regardless of their race. It was meant to give the right to vote to the African American citizens. Even after this was passed however, states in the South were still able to find ways to keep African Americans from voting. It was easy to still deny their right to vote because the amendment only says that laws cannot be made making race a requirement for voting. The most effective barriers created by the South to prevent African Americans from voting were grandfather clauses, poll taxes, and white-only primaries because they were legal and therefore did not directly keep a certain race from voting.

Voting Right Acts of 1965 invoked the Fifteen Amendment and the outcome prohibited any discrimination pertain to voting rights. The Nineteen Amendments that open doors to all citizens such as; adult males “age”, race, gender, color, women, ethnicity. Within these laws, the American citizens can utilize their right to the voting system.

Currently we have 27 Amendments to the United States Constitution and the choice of this author had to be the First amendment. Though the selection officially was “Freedom of the Press,” that constitutional guarantee is technically conjoined with its ‘brother’ amendment and that is the “Freedom of Speech.” You really cannot have one without the other. Ying-yang, these civil liberties were so significant to the Founding Fathers that they made sure to place them in the very first documented privileges articulated by the Constitution. For this presentation, primary focus and comparison is made to what will be the two most egregious and corrupt presidential scandals in this half-century, President Richard Nixon and President Donald Trump. On the

The signing of the Voting Rights Act was an exhausting, but huge, win for the Civil Rights Movement and Americans across the country who had been discriminated against and had their rights infringed upon. This new law banned the use of literacy test and poll taxes in all states, in addition to giving the Federal Government oversight of voter registration and elections in specific jurisdictions that were known for or were found interfering with voter rights. The act also required states gain permission from the U.S. Attorney General before changing any voting procedures. Finally, African-American citizens had finally obtained the right to vote and were being protected from discrimination. As President Johnson said during the Voting Rights Act