What Circumstances Can Water Soluble Vitamins Be Toxic?

It is said to be six main vitamins that our bodies needs. The vitamins being: vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K.

16. Which of the following vitamins' main role is to help synthesize proteins that help blood clot?

Vitamin B12 is Part of coenzymes used in new cell synthesis; helps to maintain nerve cells. Vitamin A Helps maintain good vision (necessary for night vision), resistance to infections, and supports growth and repair of body tissues. Vitamin D is part of the bone-making and bone maintenance team. Regulates absorption of calcium and phosphorus for bone health.

4. Vitamin K- Exists is several forms, resistant to heat but destroyed by acids, bases, and light, stored in liver. Functions: Requires for synthesis of prothombin, which functions in blood clotting. Sources: Leafy green vegetables, egg yolk, pork liver, soy oil, tomatoes, cauliflower. Excesses: jaundice in formula-fed newborns. Deficiencies: prolonged

Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid are B vitamins needed to produce ATP from carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Vitamin B6 is important for amino acid metabolism as well as energy production. Folate is a coenzyme that is needed for cell division. Vitamin B12, only found in animal foods, is needed for nerve function and to activate folate. Vitamin C is needed to form connective tissue and acts as a watersoluble antioxidant. Vitamin A is essential for vision, and it regulates cell differentiation and growth. Vitamin D is necessary for bone health. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

Vitamins are a class of nutrients that contain carbon. Vitamins are needed in small amounts to maintain health and allow growth. There are two types of vitamins fat-soluble and water-soluble this means that they dissolve in fat and water. There are 4 fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K. Vitamin A keeps your eyes and skin looking healthy. It also is needed for the growth of bones and teeth. Vitamin D is the sunlight vitamin and helps absorb calcium. Vitamin E protects your cells and vitamin K clots your blood. All of these can be stored if you have extra as fat. The water-soluble vitamins need to be replenished daily because any extra will be discharged as waste. Water Soluble vitamins are any one that was not mentioned above. They are needed to produce

Therefore, it must get them from food. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble and only found in

Vitamin B12 forms red blood cells, breaks down protein and fat, and helps form antibodies to fight off infection. Vitamin C supports healing, strengthens blood vessels, and assists the body to absorb iron. Zinc helps produce proteins, improves immunity, and assists in wound healing. Vitamin D helps the body absorb and use calcium, thus assisting in the formation of tooth and bone. Fats provides and stores energy. It also nourishes skin and hair. Magnesium assists in the formation of bone, protein metabolism, and nerve function. Iron helps the red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. Vitamin A is good for vision and helps the body develop normally. Copper helps the iron get absorbed into the body. Vitamin B6 supports healthy skin, nerves, and the digestive system. Niacin

Other sources of vitamin B₁₂ are dietary supplements, tablets/lozenges, and prescription medications. In dietary supplements the vitamin is the form of cyanocobalamin which the body changes to methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. The ability to absorb the vitamin through the supplements is restricted due to the volume of the body’s intrinsic factor. Tablets/lozenges are known to have exceptional bioavailability. Prescription medications such as intramuscular injections can come in the form of cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin and is used to treat vitamin B₁₂ deficiencies. Prescription medication can come in a gel form for people who would take it instead of injections and raises B₁₂levels in

Water soluble vitamins are not stored in the body. They go directly to the blood stream once consumed, so they need to be replaced on a daily basis. B vitamins are important because they help turn food into energy. For example, niacin helps to release energy from carbohydrates, fats and protein. Many also act as coenzymes. Such as riboflavin, this is the coenzyme for the first reaction in the metabolism of glucose. Thiamin is also a coenzyme for tissue respiration. B vitamins and vitamin C are also essential for growth and development such as body tissue, the formation of collagen, development of red and white blood cells and the formation of DNA. When the

(Sinno et al, 2011). It also helps in the transfer of white blood cells to the wound, improves resistance to infection and increases capillary strength. Since vitamin C is water-soluble, it is difficult to store it in the body, so a regular intake is necessary and dietary sources are green vegetables, potatoes, fruits like orange, kiwi and berries. (Timms, 2011).

As Rana mentioned, I would consider starting this patient on statin therapy, instead of niacin. Based on ATP IV guidelines, diabetic patients with a ASCVD risk 30, elevated TGDs, low levels of HDL, elevated BP, and FBG >100.

Fat soluble vitamins and water soluble are the two groups of vitamins. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C is a polar molecule which means that it is only soluble in other polar solvents but are insoluble in non-polar solvents. Vitamin C is soluble in water because water is also a polar solvent hence why Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin because Vitamin C is insoluble in fat because fat is non-polar.

As with other nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, over intake or overdose of vitamin C can become damage to our health. Toxicity of vitamin C can cause nausea, diarrhoea, fatigue, insomnia, flashes or rashes, kidney stones, etc. The amount of vitamin C cannot be higher than 3000mg/day “Actually 2000mg/day is considered to be high for adults” (Ly Pham, 2011).

Biotin has been discovered in many similar ways which is in fact the reason as to why no one person can take the full accreditation to its discovery. Biotin is occasionally referred to as Vitamin H or vitamin B7 (Challem, 2008) , but it was not fully perceived until the 1900s. W. Bateman was a primary researcher in the discovery of the vitamin and made the most notable contributions to the findings of biotin. An additional discoverer was a scientist by the name of Fitz Kogl and Paul Gyrory. The two of them came together and created the name “biotin.”