What Determines the Perceived Brightness of Objects?

In another study, five experiments were conducted to determine if coloring a single Stroop element reduced automaticity or slowed the processing of a color. The results demonstrated that indeed it slowed processing of congruent and neutral stimuli more than it slows processing of incongruent stimuli (Monahan, 2001).

Opponent-process adds yellow to the three primary colors, and arranges them in pairs with each member an opponent of each other, or opposite if looked at on a secondary and higher color wheel. By placing the opponents in pairs one member becomes inhibited and stops working. Now opponent-process works by having ganglion cells in the retina stimulated by light from one end of the spectrum and inhibited by the other. So, if red and green ganglion cells are exposed to red light, then the color seen is red, but when exposed to long it becomes fatigued. Then, when exposed to white light the color shown is the inhibited color green and the result is an afterimage (98). By this theory opponent-process explains the mystery of afterimages and other visual perception. Detractors in defense of the opponent process theory could say this is ultimately the correct supposition as to how we perceive color. Not by the combination of colored cones, but through inhibiting, opponent ganglion cells responding to a colored light

As we age or incur visual impairment, we may need brighter light when reading. Explain why this is the case.

14. Different levels of brightness are due to different levels of heat, and different distances.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to defend a broad concept of visual perception, according to which it is a sufficient condition for visual perception that subjects receive visual information in a way which enables them to give reliably correct answers about the objects presented to them. According to this view, blindsight, non-epistemic seeing, and conscious visual experience count as proper types of visual perception. This leads to two consequences concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities of visual experiences. First, phenomenal qualities are not necessary in order to see something, because in the case of blindsight, subjects can see objects without experiences phenomenal

What is emitted (or reflected) from the eyes as an individual takes in and processes visual information are quanta of light. It is the qualities of this light (including color, intensity, and wavelength) that lead to a range of processes such as transduction that are translated by the brain into meaningful images.

Lighting is one of the many elements that combine to create a perfect setting to reflect not only the story, but also the mood in a scene and the main character’s journey. How the character’s face and body is lit can also help define the character’s state of mind, an emotional state to give that character more depth and more of just a physical look to them that represents what they're going through.

It is a wonderful thing to witness a sunset and see all the various colors that occur in our world. What would it be like if we didn’t view the sunset with all the beautiful colors that are perceived in it? According to Brown, Lindsey, Mcsweeney, and Walters, (1994) without factoring in brightness, newborn infants cannot differentiate between colors. This was found by testing infants in forced-choice preferential looking experiments or FPL experiments (Brown et al., 1994). It is astonishing to think that we haven’t always viewed the world in various vibrant colors. So at what point do we as individuals develop full color

This explains why in low lights, such as moonlight, everything appears gray. As Rainwater said “By definition, color includes all aspects of light except variations in time and space.” (98) So color and light go hand in hand with each other “The color you see depends on the intensity and wavelengths of the light that illuminates the object, on the wavelengths of light reflected or transmitted by the object, on the color of the surrounding objects, and on absorption or reflection by substances in the light path” (Rainwater 99) Hue, saturation and brightness refer to the aspects of color. “Hue is the color sensation by which you distinguish the different parts of the spectrum- red, blue, green, yellow, etc.” (Rainwater 101) Saturation appears as the degree of hue in a color. “It is the color sensation by which you distinguish a hue as being pale or rich, weak or strong.” (Rainwater 102) Another one, brightness “Brightness is the primary visual sensation by which you detect the presence of light. It is associated with the quantity of the light and the intensity of the visual sensation.” (Rainwater 103) These refer to just some of the terms associated with color and the human

Only One CONTRAST CAN BE PERCEIVED in ‘REAL TIME’. Therefore, it is impossible to sit & stand, to sleep & be awaken at the same time. What is in a foreground or closer is OVERESTIMATED, & what is in a background & farther away is UNDERESTIMATED. For instance, the light poles alongside turnpike are all the same size - those nearby are perceived as the ‘largest’ those farther back at the horizon are unperceived. (Quote from ‘Livets Bog’ Vol IV, section #

the lighted areas of these objects and their accompany can be exaggerated.’ I believe this is what

The experiment used the same red and green stimuli in each trial instead of other opponent colors such as black and white or blue and yellow. The small sample size studied could have also lead to random variation in the results.

The experiment was to study color and orientation of encoding from different parts of objects. Color feature was altered in 50% of the trials and participants were asked to detect this change. The stimuli presented to each participant in on feature consisted visually a small circle with an oriented bar crossing in the middle of circle, forming a Saturn-like object. Each stimulus was displayed on a gray background and used black oriented bars with the small colored circles using 4 colors. Six display types were utilized: single-feature with 5 color, single-feature with 10 color displays, all contained the 5 and 10 circles with the colors being the main focus of this condition. The next two conditions were; single-feature with 5 orientation and single-feature with 10 orientation displays, however these features are focusing on the orientation of each of the bars that are being displayed. The final two displays are that of the

Humans have three cone cells that are extremely sensitive to Red, (620-700nm), Green (490-570nm) and Blue (450-495nm) wavelengths of light. Although these three cones are most sensitive to these wavelengths, they are still sensitive to the remaining wavelengths of visible light between 400-700nm. When a light with a wavelength of 600nm is transmitted through the retina, the Red and Green cones capture, sense and signal the brain that orange light is observed. In this case the Red and Green cones absorb light but the Green cones are less sensitive. Also, the Blue cones don’t absorb much light and are not sensitive

Early studies have widely researched attention with selective processing (Driver, 2001). Broadbent (1958) filter theory of attention states that certain information does not require focal attention. It is based on certain stimulus attributes such as colour and shape (Friedenberg, 2012). A previous study carried out by Treisman and Schmidt (1982) proposes that when attention is diverted from a display of several figures, the participants incorrectly combine the features of colour and shape therefore increases the illusory conjunctions portrayed by the participants (Tsal, 1989). Another study by Shaw (1978) found that reaction time of participant to identify targets varied with the probability that a target would appear in a particular display location. These results indicate that different amounts of attention towards the targets are distributed to different positions in the visual field. However, Houck and Hoffman (1986) found that the feature integration of colour and orientation can sometimes be accomplished without attention (James et al.,