What Did I Learn About The Genetic Algorithms ( Gas ) And Neural Networks ( Nns )

Later on a male and female haploid cell will join to form a diploid cell with the right number of chromosomes.

While studying eugenics, genetics plays a detrimental role in determining heredity. Genetics is the study and behavior of genes ("Genetics"). These genes are encoded pieces of information that comes from both parents, these genes are found on any of the 23 pairs chromosomes; these chromosomes that contain genes form the human genome. 22 chromosomes all contain the same genes although slight variations of alleles, alleles are alternate forms of genes, and the 23rd chromosome contains the information for the zygote's gender.

Genes pertains to any living organism chemical make, which is passed from one generation to the next, and effect blood type, eye color, skin color, and other traits which help classify living organism. The study of Genes, or Genetics is considered a field of biology but is entwined with other sciences and studies. Certain fields of study focus on the genetic structure of living organisms and the effects that the environment have on genes, while at the same time, studying the effects of genes in an individual, and the effect on the environment caused by an individual.

Genetics is the study of heredity, which is a biological process where certain traits are getting passed from parent to offspring or child (“What is Genetics”). All of our genetic DNA lies within the nucleus of all living cells in a persons body. The DNA found in the cells make the human genome. “There are about 20,000 genes located in one of the twenty three chromosomes found inside the nucleus (“What is

Genetic: pertaining to genes or any of their effects. A gene is the smallest physical piece of heredity. It determines what features we will pass on to our children as well as which ones we have gained from our biological parents.

“Chromosomes are packets of genetic code which determine the blueprint for our body” (Ehtisham, 2016). People are born with 46 chromosomes; two of which are called sex

Genes is the physical and functional unit of heredity which are made up of DNA. It carries the information of that determines traits that are passed on by the parents. There are two copies of genes which comes from each parents which is to be exact twenty chromosome from each parent to make up forty six chromosome in a baby. As by the

It carries the information required for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. Genes hold the information that determines a person’s characteristics that are inherited from the parents. A normal genetic makeup contains 22 pairs of chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes, having a total of 46 chromosomes. A genetic disorder is a condition that is caused by an altered gene that is passed from a parent to their child, a gene is either changed or missing, or the information in a chromosome breaks up and the parts reform in a different pattern

Inside each phone of every living thing (plant or creature) are sets of directions called qualities. The qualities give the guidelines on what is the plant or creature, what it would appear that, how it is to survive, and how it will associate with its encompassing surroundings. The qualities are hung together in long stands of material called deoxyribonucleic corrosive (DNA) and these long strands are called chromosomes. Most living things have sets of chromosomes (one from every guardian), however they might have an alternate number of chromosomes from another living thing. For instance, people have 23 sets of chromosomes and the organic product fly has 4 sets.

Genetics is a field of science that explores how cells work and how traits are passed from one generation to another. The study of genetics is divided into four major categories: Classical or Mendelian genetics, Molecular genetics, Population genetics, and Quantitative genetics. An organism’s genes, are the basis units of heredity which control the traits of an individual. There are two basic kinds of organisms: prokaryotes, whose DNA is circular and cells lack a nucleus, therefore, the DNA is in the cytoplasm and eukaryotes, that have a linear DNA that is inside the nucleus. In most multicellular eukaryotes, cells are divided into somatic cells (body cells) and sex cells. Somatic cells are produced by a cell division process called mitosis, and sex cells undergo a process called meiosis. Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes per cell – 2 sex chromosomes and 44 autosomal chromosomes, which means we have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes plus one pair of sex chromosomes for a total of 23 chromosome pairs. Chromosomes are homologous (identical) to one another and one set is referred to as “n” = 23, therefore, humans are 2n = 46. Chromosomes are shaped in a string- like form and each chromosome is characterized by the placement of the centromere, whether its in the middle, or closer to the top or bottom, - metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric and telocentric, and the centromere is the point of attachment to a spindle fiber during cell division. The ends of the chromosome,

Gene – the unit or heredity occupying a particular location on the chromosome and passed on to offspring

Chromosome- Chromosomes are the microscopic structure within cells that carries the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the hereditary material that influences the development and characteristics of each organism. In bacteria and bacteria-like organisms called archaebacteria, chromosomes are simple circles of DNA that float around in the cell. In more complex cells, or Eukaryotes, chromosomes are stored within a well developed and defined nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are highly complex structures in which the shape of the DNA molecules is linear, rather than circular. Chromosomes consist chiefly of proteins and DNA. Tiny chemical subunits called nucleotide bases form the structure of DNA. A sequence of these bases that are along a DNA strand will create a code for the production of a special protein also known as a gene. Genes occupy precise locations on the chromosome. Each cell contains enough DNA to form a thread extending about 2 m (about 7 ft). Proteins called histones play a key role in packaging DNA within chromosomes. Sections of

The human genome is essentially a set of instructions that consists of various DNA molecules that are unique to each individual human being. This huge collection of genes inside each and every one human’s cells dictate trait that are inherited from ther parents, which can range from one’s hair color to one’s height. Genes are made up of Deoxyribosenucleic Acid (DNA), which consist of nucleotide bases: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). Adenine is paired with Thymine and Cytosine is paired with Guanine. This DNA is then paired with a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule, to essentially come together and created two long strands that wrap around each other into a double helix formation (twisted ladder). Like mentioned before, these DNA strands make up a gene which can be found on something called a chromosome in the cell. These chromosomes contain the information required for the way the human body is built. In humans, the chromosomes are usually found in the heart of the cell known as the nucleus. The nucleus contains forty-six chromosomes (also known as twenty-three chromosome pairs): half are from the mother and half are from the father. The first twenty-two chromosome pairs are known as autosomes that house

Human DNA is found in 23 pairs of chromosomes and within these chromosomes are sections of DNA called genes. Genes make up the physical traits inherited and expressed from mom and dad. When the DNA found within these genes provides genetic instructions to encode proteins or other molecules, this is called gene expression. Gene expression is the process by which genetic information stored in a gene dictates a cells function. This process is essential as regulatory proteins control the rate of gene expression.

This is the molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. (Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA, 2012) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the primary chemical component of chromosomes and is the material of which genes are made of. It is also referred to as the “molecule of heredity.” This is because parents transmit copied portions of their own DNA to their offspring during reproduction (The DNA Molecule, n.d.). Before completely understanding DNA it is important to look at the development of the study of DNA throughout the years and finally look at the structure as well as what this knowledge now allows us to do.