What Factors Affect The Human Race?

Sociology is the study of how social forces influence individuals living within a society. Any society is made of norms, values and beliefs that have the effect of constraining individuals’ thoughts and behaviors. Through understanding and sociological imagination, individuals can remove or at least lessen the social forces’ impacts that are causing the constraints.

Ethnicity and race are ways to differentiate a group of person from another; therefore, in the 21th century this terms has acquired a powerful meaning in society. A few months ago, I learned how significant this terms are.

Race is something that is in all of us. Everyday we see how it affects us in both positive and negative ways. Looking back on what race and gender has been, we have come a long way in creating more equality throughout all of the people that make up our country.

Cognitive aging is the term to describe changes in cognition with age. While Salthouse (2004) found that with cognitive aging comes cognitive decline regardless of the individual, Hayden and partners (2011) found that most (65%) elderly persons showed slow decline that does not substantially affect abilities, 27% experienced moderate decline, and only 8% showed substantial cognitive decline. These new findings show that in fact there may be individual variability when it comes to cognitive aging. One factor shown to affect cognitive aging is race (Glymour and Manly, 2008). Thus, in this paper we will review and analyze findings pertaining to cognitive aging as related by race to better understand this relationship and will also discuss suggestions for future research.

In today’s modern world, recent scientific research has been conducted, which reveals that world-wide IQ test scores have risen, and continue to rise every year. In Alison Gopnik’s article, “Smarter Every Year? Mystery of the Rising IQs,” she discussed how these recent scientific discoveries relate to our society throughout the last century. It is evident that in our society a person’s level of intelligence is extremely important in our culture which is obsessed with being knowledgable. In her article, Gopnik addresses the historical evidence that supports the conclusion that people are getting smarter as the years go on because of today’s society. Gopnik effectively explains the fact that people’s IQs are rising every year, by using the results

whether intelligence has had a major increase over the past century. The data reviewed includes

This has been a very fascinating journey from prenatal, birth to old age. The goal of this paper is to show how my knowledge and understanding of life span development has increased, as well as demonstrate how this knowledge and understanding will apply to and can be used within my area of specialization, Leadership Coaching.

I judge that race can impact us quite dramatically. For some, race can play an unquestionably influential role in life. You or an acquaintance can be treated differently. Perhaps called slurs, racist terms, and etc. In other cases, you probably don’t even envisage concerning your own race except when presented a question about it. You might be even neutral about how a few bigots treat you by your race. While society has made any progress in dealing with racism and racial discrimination, injustice and inequality still persist. Whatever it would be, at a point of life you would experience how race would impact your life, regardless if the experience be terrible or

Life span developmental psychology takes a scientific approach to human growth and change, focusing on change during the life span. There are three main aspects to life span development: cognitive, social, and physical development. This class is not simply a discussion of nature vs. nurture, it explores the interaction between genetic and environmental factors that orient us towards specific behaviors. Initially, my views on life span development were limited to more sociological factors, and did not take into consideration physical developments of the brain. In relation to my personal and professional identity this course has made me realize that development occurs on a spectrum and that not everyone develops at the same time, in the same ways, making me more understanding and compassionate towards those who developed differently than me. The three most important lessons I have learned from this class are that development occurs throughout the entire life span, infants begin learning at a very young age, and that senescence begins as early as young adulthood.

the average persons lifespan depends on his or her genes. “The other ninety percent is

According to Crawford and Walker(2010), the life course is defined in literature as, “The progression and path an individual takes from conception to death.” (Crawford and walker, 2012, p.3). The study of the life course and human development is extremely complex and could be described as interdisciplinary as it encompasses many fields of study. When examining the life course of individuals it is necessary to consider all of the various factors that affect human behaviour. These may include; psychological, biological, social, behavioural, cognitive or culture factors. Age can also be considered as a factor that influences lifespan development. In the early 19th century, the term “age related change” was regarded as only applicable to the early childhood stage but in recent years, psychologists have come to accept that age related changes occur throughout the entire life span. According to Boyd and Bee (2014), other earlier theories included Charles Darwin’s suggestion that, “the wide variety of life forms that exist on earth evolved gradually as a result of the interplay between environmental factors and genetic process.” (Boyd and Bee, 2014, p.3) Therefore Darwin proposed that it was either solely, “nature” or “nurture” that influenced the human development, but instead, a combination of both. In this assignment, I am going to focus on the specific psychological factors that influence human behaviour during the life course. I will compare two different psychological

Some may wonder what humans could possibly do to cause so much damage to the ocean. Unfortunately, there are plenty of factors that contribute to the millions of tons of pollution in our oceans each year, including oil, plastic, sewage, toxins, and chemicals. Plastic, for instance, could easily be the most deadly. Not only is it dangerous, but there is so much of it, and it is so spread out, that it is incredibly difficult to remove all of it (WILCOX). Plastic also does not biodegrade, or break down, which is why there is so much of it. Another cause of ocean pollution is oil. “Oil spills cause huge damage to the marine environment - but in fact are responsible for only around 12% of the oil entering the seas each year” (“Marine Problems: Pollution.”). Through this one can see that oil is entering the ocean in so many other ways that spills are not even the cause of most oil in the ocean. Sewage, although it may not seem likely, is dumped into seas because of its cheap price by many companies, and is also a cause of pollution. Even worse, the sewage is usually untreated. Finally, toxins and chemicals are definitely an issue in the ocean and often escape during manufacture. “Chemicals can escape...from accidental leaks or fires in products containing these chemicals. Once in the environment, they can travel for long distances in air and water, including ocean currents” (“Marine

Mental ability can be defined as having the cognitive ability to acquire and preserve knowledge. The prospect of mental abilities being associated to longevity has been an area of interest for social scientists. Scottish Mental Surveys (SMS) of 1932 and 1947 carried a major research on intelligence-longevity association. This essay will demonstrate how different studies have supported the association using the four mechanisms proposed in the Scottish Mental Surveys: (a) bodily insults, (b) bodily system integrity, (c) predictor of healthy behaviour, and (d) predictor of safer environment. (Deary, Whiteman, Starr, Whalley, & Fox, 2004) Additional research will be applied to analyse the effectiveness of the causal mechanisms for the relationship between intelligence and longevity, and highlight on limitations in research that may falsify the relationship. Finally, the essay will conclude on whether evidence provided from different mechanisms is explicit enough to support the association, and provide suggestions on how the scope of enquiry can be broadened.

In the source above, the author is talking about the effects of human nature. In his first line of his position on the matter, he states “Peace by persuasion has a pleasant sound, but I think we should be able not be able to work it”. From the evidence above, the author does not believe there is a chance for world peace unless, “We should have to tame the human race first”. We live in a world where individualism is appreciated, everyone has their own belief and values and equality is being worked for. Our world today is also filled with villains, distrution and discrimination , so from the perspective of the author how would we be able to achieve ultimate world peace if we are simply all too different. Furthermore, the author then speaks about how history has proven to human kind that humans simply cannot be tamed, and history is the example of why. Is world peace really achievable? Through peace by persuasion? The truth will be revealed,

Education is a significant factor that can result in longer lifespans. Comparisons from Figure 2 and 3 shows that low income areas are linked to lower educational attainment,