What Fundamentals Affect the Yield of Bonds in the Singapore Market

1. "Bonds 200." Why Companies Issue Callable Bonds. N.p., 24 Sept. 2014. Web. 30 Sept. 2014.

The bonds can be issues with fixed interest or variable rate interest, each of which has its advantages and there disadvantages.

Country of manufacture: Bonds manufactures 40% of its goods in Australia at three sites in New South Wales: Cessnock, Unanderra and Wentworthville. The factories produce nearly 17 million

When the contractual interest rate and the market interest rate are the same, the bonds are sold at face value. But when the contractual interest rate and the market interest rates differ then the bonds are usually sold below or above face value. If the market rate of interest is lower than the contractual interest rate then the investors will have to pay more than the face value for the bonds (premium). When a company issues 12% bonds at a time when other bonds of similar risk are paying 15%. Most investors will be more interested in buying the 12% bonds and their value will fall below their face value, which is called selling at a discount.

Preferred stock has a preferred position in the claim on the income flow of the firms. Preferred stock dividends, usually a fixed rate relative to par value, are paid ahead of common stock dividends. The dividends of preferred stocks are different from and generally greater than those of common stock. Corporate bonds are debt instruments created by companies for the purpose of raising capital. They are called fixed-income securities because they pay a specified amount of interest on a regular basis. Preferred and Common stocks have three major risk factors: 1) dividend suspension or company failure, 2) rising interest rates, 3) low trading volumes. Most corporate bonds are debentures, meaning they are not secured by collateral. Investors of such bonds must assume not only interest rate risk but also credit risk; they chance that the corporate issuer will default on its debt

Treasury bonds are issued by the government, have almost no default risk and the bond price goes down when interest rates rise. Corporate bonds are issued by corporations and carry default risk if the issuing corporation is not able to pay interest and principal payments. Corporate bonds make up a large portion of the overall bond market. Corporate bonds are characterized by higher yields than government securities cause there is a higher risk of a company defaulting than a government. The upside to this is that they can also be the most rewarding fixed-income investments because of the risk the investor must take on, where higher credit companies that are more likely to pay back their obligations will carry a relatively lower interest rate than riskier borrowers. Companies can issue bonds with fixed or variable interest rates and of varying maturity. Municipal bonds carry risk similar to corporate bonds, they are often issued by state and local governments. The major advantage of municipal bonds is for investors since the returns are free from federal tax, and furthermore, state and local governments will often consider their debt non-taxable for residents, making some municipal bonds completely tax free, sometimes called triple-tax free. The yield on a municipal bond is usually lower than that of an equivalent taxable bond. Foreign bonds are issued by foreign governments carry default and extra risk if the bond

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Examples of bond rating agencies include Standard and Poors as well as Moodys. According to the bond credit ratings issued by Standard and Poors, as shown in appendix 1, bonds given an AAA rating have got an almost zero level of credit risk. Nonetheless, bonds rated A and above appear to be safe investments whereas bonds with BBB ratings and below appear as relatively riskier investments.

In the first part of our report, we investigate if a 35 basis points yield spread represents mispricing of two bonds, both with the same maturity but one with a coupon rate of 10.625% and the other 4.25%. Our investigation also determines if the yield spread represents an arbitrage opportunity. In our investigation, we calculate the theoretical yield spread between the two bonds and compare the figure with the observed yield spread. It is cited in the case that the observed yield spread could be due to different liquidity premium for each bond or simply due to different durations. Through our calculations, we discover

The above links address some of these issues. In other words, the bond market is a market in which the bonds of corporations and governments are traded (i.e., banks, etc.) and transacted in various settings (i.e., banks, private sectors, government agencies) and in various ways (i.e, over the counter, electronically, telephone, etc.) www.econ100.com/eu5e/open/glossary.html.

In this essay we look in-depth on how government strategies and economic policy play a crucial role in the success of High Performance Asian Economies (HPAEs) during 1960 to 1990 (World Bank 1993).There are eight countries within HPAEs: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. Its economic development has significantly rise that it was name ‘East Asia Miracle’ (World Bank, 1993).

•Yan, A., Nandy, D., and Chemmanur, T. "Why issue mandatory convertibles? Theory and empirical evidence, February (2003) Retrieved on 18.3.2008 (http://ideas.repec.org/p/ecm/nawm04/456.html)•http://www.investorwords.com/5362/yield.html. 18/3/2008.

Though bonds provide such safety, their yields are very low and have little potential for capital appreciation in the long-run for both the issuer and receiver. Besides, the low interest-rate of bonds makes the return on holding cash virtually non-existent (Voya & Scotia, 2009). Convertible bonds, however, offer a middle ground between the safety of bonds and the upside potential, and risk, of stocks. For this firm seeking income, higher-yielding convertibles bonds are the right options they can explore. This allows for the downside protection of a

Along with the many different characteristics of bonds such as, the way the pay their interest, the market they are issued in, the currency they are payable in, protective features and their legal status. Bond issuers may be governments, corporations, special purpose trusts or even non-profit organizations. Usually it is the type of issuer or the particular nature of a bond that sets it apart in its own category.

Investing in emerging markets offer tempting advantages to investors. The volatile economies of countries considered to be in this category have a potential for extraordinary returns. A caveat to investors considering opportunities in emerging markets are the presence of unstable governments, the chance of nationalization, poor property rights protection, and large swings in prices. Emerging markets are far from a sure thing. But, despite high individual risk, emerging markets can reduce portfolio risk. The volatile economies of these countries have such low correlations compared to the domestic market that they actually provide the greatest degree of diversification.