What Is A Cure For HIV-AIDS?

Many Americans embraced a new conservatism in social, economic and political life during the 1980s, characterized by the policies of President Ronald Reagan who took office in 1981. Often remembered for its materialism and consumerism, the decade also saw the rise of the “yuppie,” an explosion of blockbuster movies and the emergence of cable networks like MTV, which introduced the music video and launched the careers of many iconic artists, this lead to a rise in drug abuse, crime aggravated by illegal drugs while overcrowding America 's prisons and the pandemic of HIV/AIDS bowled its way into the American mainstream. During this time Reagan would also implement policies to reduce the federal government’s reach into the daily lives and pocketbooks of Americans, including tax cuts intended to spur growth (known as Reaganomics). He also advocated for increases in military spending, reductions in certain social programs and measures to deregulate business. There were several controversial federal policies such as the Affirmative Action Policy some called it "reverse discrimination", sought to inject racial and gender equality into many aspects of American life, especially college enrollment and workplace hiring practices.

i. HIV is a virus that kills cells in our immune system, which protects us from

As have been described above, HIV can have a potential effect on immunological cells, which are important to protect the body from additional infections such as Tuberculosis (TB), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other viral or bacterial infections. An effective treatment is needed to reconstruct what HIV has damaged. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a common treatment to stop the viral replication and decrease the disease progression, which may lead to a vast decline of the morbidity and mortality. The standard treatment involves a combination of at least three drugs; often known as a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) where the most common types are Nucleoside reverse transcriptase

Mr. B has confided that he has been diagnosed with the HIV/AIDS virus. His diagnosis has caused both his physical and mental health to suffer. Mr. B has been engaging in sexual activity with several partners who were all unaware of his diagnosis, he has intentionally kept this from them and has no plans to inform them. He has chosen not to tell his partners about his HIV/AIDS status which means he is purposefully putting others at risk for contracting this disease. His reasons for not informing his sexual partners include the fact that he does not want to be treated differently by his family and friends, Mr. B 's concerns are understandable that he would want to keep his health information private however, Mr.

Emerging in the early 1980s, HIV/AIDS was an unknown disease that spread rapidly throughout the United States. In the beginning not much information was found due to this being a very new disease with a completely unknown background. As decades passed, research has increased as well as the number of cases of people reporting that they are infected. Being that 1 out of every 4 people are infected with HIV/AIDS, this disease has had such an immense impact socially, domestically, as well as politically. Due to this increase in cases, the United States Congress passed the CARE Act (Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act). Named after a young AIDS activist, Ryan White, the CARE Act helps primarily fund health care and support services for

The prospects for effective management of individuals with HIV are early dictation of the disease and identification and implementation of an evidence-based intervention that will slow the advancement of HIV to deleterious outcomes (Vervloet, Linn, Van Weert, de Bakker, Bouvy, & Dijik, 2012). HIV is a pandemic and pervasive disease that is associated with extensive mortality and morbidity. In the 1980s, HIV has claimed the lives of 33 million individuals’ and 35 million individuals are presently living with the disease nationwide. HIV attacks humans’ protective systems, and then replicates itself. As a result of this replication, the body cells thereby overwhelm the T-cells or the CD4

The HIV-1 life cycle is complicated and its period and result is contingent upon the target cell type and cell activation. In the beginning, HIV-1 enters the cells without producing instant damage but by entering the cells it can provoke intracellular signal cascades, which may assist the progress of viral replication. The external glycoprotein (gp120) and the transmembrane protein (gp141) are two molecules on the HIV-1 envelope that form the spikes on the virion’s surface. In the entry process, gp120 first attaches to the CD4+ receptor and then attaches to the cell membrane. Interactions between the virus and chemokine co-receptors will cause permanent conformational changes. The fusion event will occur within minutes by pore formation and it will discharge the viral core into the cell cytoplasm. Once the core dismantles, the viral genome will be reverse transcribed into DNA by the virus’ own reverse transcriptase enzyme. Viral variants may develop at the time of this process because reverse transcriptase is error prone. During the midpoint of infection, both the viral protein integrase and the host DNA repair enzymes will inject the viral genome into the active domain of the host’s chromosomal DNA. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is an integrase binding host factor that assists the progress of integration, which converts the cell into a virus producer. In the late stages, production of viral particles will need both host driven and virus driven

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has become a global issue that has infected an estimated 35 million people living today1. The strain HIV-1 has been of experimental concern for years in hopes of a cure. This retrovirus directly infects the immune system by binding helper T-cells via the CD4 receptor. This allows for integration of the viral RNA into the T-cells, and causes the immune system to weaken by killing these immune cells. Advancements in research led to the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment, however this does not cure the patient of HIV but it suppresses the viral replication of HIV-1 to very low levels2.

“Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth processor during breastfeeding.” There is no cure for HIV or AIDS but over time different types of medications have been developed that slows down the advancement of the disease. AIDS is a lethal disease that is caused by HIV. HIV destroys the immune system and causes the body to not be able to fight off any diseases.

HIV-1 establishes a reservoir in lymphoid tissue during acute infection that is the site of virus production from infected cells, storage in immune complexes on the surface of the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network, and persistence in a pool of latently infected resting memory CD4+ T cells 1-8. While combinations of antiretroviral drugs can suppress viral replication and reduce viral RNA to undetectable levels in plasma, virus production from this reservoir of latently infected cells rekindles HIV-1 infection if drug treatment is stopped 9. The elimination or inactivation of latently infected cells in reservoirs that give the virus safe haven from antiretroviral drugs or immune attack is key to bring about a cure.

Subsequently these dendritic cells move towards lymph node (Altfeld and Gale Jr, 2015) and alert the immune cells about the virus. For early stage of HIV infection, the innate response can play a vital role in preventing mucosal transmission before HIV infection is established.

The cure for HIV has been a long awaited battle due to the virus lying dormant in T cells for years. Although scientists have found a protein called CD32a that lives on the surface of T cells. Due to this discovery, scientists can now use this protein to help distinguish the cells infected with HIV. This is beneficial because even though there are antiretroviral drugs that can prevent cells that are actively duplicating viral DNA from replicating, they do not attack the dormant T cells.

Introduction: The extent to the pathogenesis of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), or “HIV”, has been studied for years. It is of large consensus to the medical community that any strong predictor of the time showing phenotypic characteristics of HIV from the original transmission of the disease can be predicted through assessing and evaluating the set-point viral load (SPVL). Depending on the subsequent viremia in the blood, biologists and medical professionals can strongly predict the severity of the infection and future clinical outcomes.

When we think of HIV/AIDS we have certain populations in mind. We hear about its ravages on young men and women; on the gay and transgender populations; on the homeless and the intravenous drug user. We seldom think about HIV/AIDS and senior citizens. What no one talks about is HIV/AIDS and the older adult. It’s no wonder that when you talk to our senior citizens, they may have the perception that HIV/AIDS is not a risk to them. Is HIV/AIDS a risk to older adults? Is HIV/AIDS over 50 a problem? (Cichocki, 2007)

When we started this project, we wanted to see how much the average high school student knew about HIV/AIDS- ourselves having minimal knowledge of the disease. In order to do so, we created a quiz and charted the results. After reviewing the results of the quiz, we realized that this ISP is giving us the platform to inform and enlighten ourselves and others of this serious global phenomenon. The quiz consisted of basic questions regarding HIV/AIDS and the ratio of correct to incorrect answers was mostly even with a few irregularities (see Chart One and Two). This project will correct the incorrect and help raise awareness of the disease that is sweeping the nation.