What Is A Flashbulb Memory Accurate

As I followed the other firefighters, captain said, "No Kennedy, you have to stay here." At first, I was enraged at him for saying that to me, but if he didn't make me stay, I would've died that day. All 87 of the NYFD firefighters went inside that building, and never came out. Who would be so cruel to do this, I thought. Suddenly, the news reporters stated, "4 planes have been hijacked by Arabs, and they have been planning to crash them into the Twin Towers, the Pentagon, and The White House.

Throughout our lives, we definitely have gone through a lot of experiences and made memories. Some of the memories are easily forgotten, while some others are remembered distinctively, vividly and can be recollected confidently. This is called the flashbulb memory. Flashbulb memory is like a very clear picture of a particularly impactful event which had caused one to be affected emotionally. For example, I remember this performance that my school choir was performing. It was during Christmas season and we decided to spray bubble foam to portray fake snow. However, the plan backfired when the wind blew at our direction and all the foam flew back to us. This was remembered very clearly because I was embarrassed and had experienced something so

On September 11, 2001, I was seated in my third grade class at the age of eight years old. Every morning we had a “news” station that would automatically come on at 8:30 a.m. called Channel One News, tailored for children. However, after this five minute long news segment ended we started class. I remember commotion in the halls, and my teacher went out to see what was going on. She came back in, and immediately turned on the television that had just recently automatically shut off. There is was, a burning building, at the time I had no clue what was going

From the street there were people screaming and running it was mass chaos. At this time you could see the media and firefighters everywhere. I got the hell out of there went home hugged my wife. I realized God had spared me that day. A lot of my friends and coworkers died that day. I’m truly sorry, sometimes I feel guilty that I didn’t do my part to help but I was afraid for my life. A couple of my friends that made it from a bit higher up said it sounded like a bunch of explosions. I remember thinking after hearing from them and seeing the video footage what the heck happened? In my opinion it felt like a bomb (Jones).

Not only were the families of those innocent lives taken affected but so were the people who lived miles away. Today the younger generation doesn't know and understand those impacts of which terrorist attacks affect our society but terrorist attacks are the number one type of threat our country fears. “Today because of this bombing I have learnt to not take things for granted and to cherish moments with people because you never know when it's your last moment with them” Bennett stated. She is completely right. Life is short so we must live it to the fullest whatever the fullest may

I learned quite a bit about the psychological impact of the Boston Marathon Bombing. After researching the effects, I realized how much trauma these innocent people went through during a moment that was supposed to be joyous. People that were healthy and filled with life were either severely injured or had there life taken away by a senseless act. Some of the injured victims will never be able to walk again, others, never able to see their loved ones again. Martin Richard, an 8-year old boy whose life was taken during the attack, will never get to see his family one more time. The amount of grief the Tsarnev brothers caused can never be taken back and it has left a psychological effect on the viewers and the victims – runners, adults and children.

On September 9th, I went to the 9/11 vigil to see what it would completely consist of, but I never would have thought I would have gotten the stories that I did. Going into the event, I expected a normal honor of all that perished during the attack on the world trade center. What I got, was an extremely personal story from President Rob Manuel about his experiences on the attacks. Little did I know, that our university president was basically an eye witness on these attacks. The majority of the vigil consisted of his story about his day leading up to the attacks, during the attacks, and after the attacks. He talked about how he was dropping off his child for daycare for the first time. Then, he went into depth about how he was close

When 9/11/2001 occurred I was sitting in the lunch room at Good Year Elementary School in Brunswick Georgia eating lunch. My classmates and I was talking normally like we always did until one of the lunch monitors told us to be quiet. I didn’t know exactly what was going on at the time. I just knew something serious had just happened. One of my teachers told the class that a plane had hit the Twin Towers. The teachers then turn on the television as all of us watch not exactly understanding what had happen or what the cause of it was. I remember some of the teacher crying while others got on their cells phones trying to contract their families in New York City, but the lines was so busy. That whole day I remember just sitting in class watching

The tragic day of the Boston Bombing led to heartbreak for many people who were involved and across America. Boston was put in lockdown during the terroristic event (Boston 1). President Obama held a press conference stating that they had believed that this was an act of terrorism (Marathon 2). There were a total

The Boston Marathon bombing was a shocking and devastating event in the history of the United States. In the middle of what was supposed to be a very happy and cheerful event, three people lost their lives and 264 others were injured when two pressure cooker bombs went off near the finish line. Even though this was a truly horrific event, the initial response of the Boston Police Department to the explosions was incredible. Within minutes, additional Emergency Medical Service teams and the Boston Fire Department were rushing to the scene, hotels were evacuated, and police closed down a 15 block area around the blast site. The remaining runners were also redirected to a different area away from the explosion. It was truly impressive to see how well prepared everybody was in the case of an

False memories are an apparent recollection of an event that did not actually occur. The reason why false memories happen are due to the fact that one's brains can only handle so much.There has been several experiment pertaining to the phenomenon, to find how it works.In the next part of the experiment the psychologist showed the participants a word list.False memories are very common and can happen to anyone. On very rare occasions false memories can be harmful to someone and the people around them.False memories are so common that they affect all of a person's memories. False memories can be made more clear by others memories or they could become more distorted. False memories have caused many wrongful convictions. A psychologist

9/11 was one of the most important events that has ever taken place in American history. Almost everybody’s lives were affected one way or another because of the terrorists attacks that took place that day. After the news got around that the first plane had hit one of the towers, there were thoughts going around that it was only an accident. A person that was working within the North Tower said “I just assumed it was a terrible accident.” Some people that were lucky enough to escape the towers have also been interviewed. The survivors that have been interviewed have told stories that the people in the towers were not panicking, instead they did their best to stay calm because they knew it would help them find a way out. I have decided to interview my mom, Angie Grant, about her thoughts and feelings on the events of 9/11.

Memory does not work like a video camera, smoothly recording every detail. Instead, memory is more of a constructive process. We remember the details that we find most important and relevant. Due to the reconstructive nature of memory, the assimilation of old and new information has the ability to cause vulnerable memories to become distorted. This is also known as the misinformation effect (Loftus, 1997). It is not uncommon for individuals to fill in memory gaps with what they assume they must have experienced. We not only distort memories for events that we have observed, but, we may also have false memories for events that never occurred at all. False memories are “often created by combing actual memories with suggestions received from

Recollections of vivid autobiographical episodic memories formed when an individual experiences intense emotions, generating from a surprising public event defines Flashbulb memories (FBMs). Permanent and consistent remembrances processed cognitively and stored as explicit recollections in long term memory are additional features of FBMs (Goldstein, 2014). Brown & Kulik (1977) first proposed this phenomenon and argued FBMs are resistant to change like photographs. The ongoing debate over the process of cognition in relation to storing and recalling FBMs led numerous researchers to advance their understanding of the mental processing of FBMs and to evaluate the impact emotions have on memories. This paper discusses the pioneer investigation and findings from Brown & Kulik’s 1977. It further explores debates opposing their unique theory of FBMs and the apparent inadequacies of their conclusions. Additionally, this paper examines plausible hypotheses from researchers for the formation of FBMs like rehearsal of events and the inconsistencies of FBMs, their distortions and the decay FBMs experience over time. It then evaluates a contemporary study on FBMs and the necessity for future studies to develop a method to measure FBMs. This is imperative in order to gain a deeper understanding of the influences emotions have on shaping, processing and storing FBMs cognitively and consequently how it impacts on our daily lives.

Memory facilitates necessary functions in daily life activities, but it is not a perfect mechanism in operation. Goldstein (2011) states that memory is, “…the process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present” (p.116). There are many adaptive functions within the complexities of the human memory system and the interlinked constructs between each function leave room for doubt in the accuracy of recollection. Study of the human mind has opened avenues of discovery on the inner workings of our brains and the resulting knowledge suggests that humans are prone to creating false memories and even remembering things that never actually happened. A great deal of information has been written explaining the nature of memory errors and within the following pages a real-life case offers a glimpse into how recall distortions and memory errors can wield unpleasant consequences. Memory errors can be avoided with a significant effort, but the truth remains that no one is perfect and memories are subject to individual bias.