What Is A Statistically Significant Differences Between The Two Groups Regarding Their Need For Oxygen Therapy

Why would delayed cord clamping even be a topic of discussion or in practice if it was not beneficial to some degree for the neonate or mother? Early cord clamping takes place almost immediately after delivery and delayed cord clamping is preformed anywhere for 30-180 seconds after birth. The validity of the above question has been on the rise for some time. Why some doctors have made it protocol during a delivery or simply do it only if requested is still not yet understood. Some would say there are little benefits to waiting to clamp the umbilical cord after delivery, and some say there are many benefits, and then there are those that say there is no difference whether you clamp early or delayed. Throughout my research I have learned that yet some physicians will not wait to clamp the umbilical cord, there are minimal risk, if any, and although at first I thought delayed clamping was without a doubt more beneficial than immediate clamping, they really are not profound in the grand scheme of the neonates’ health. However, I have learned that in the preterm neonate waiting to clamp the umbilical cord can be more beneficial for various reasons than in a full term neonate. Because of the medical background I have, I believe the benefits for both mother and child are important postpartum, however, those that choose to not participate in delayed clamping are not putting their newborn at any risk

The title of the work reviewed is, Late vs early clamping of the umbilical cord in full-term neonates: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials; this indicates per PRISMA criteria that the title identifies the report as both a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The second section focused on the act of labor and delivery, including first three hours of infant birth, followed by postpartum care and breastfeeding. The speaker spoke about the current practices that occur within the hospital's labor and delivery department. When speaking about delayed cord clamping, she discussed why this is important and even mentioned the volume of blood an infant lacks when the umbilical cord is clammed or cut too soon after birth. While discussing breastfeeding, she briefly mentioned infant blood glucose screenings, and the evidence that is published regarding encouraging breastfeeding within the first hour of

An electronic review of literature was conducted through PubMed, Clinicalkey, and MEDLINE OVID databases. Key words and phrases searched included ‘fast track’, ‘cardiac surgery’, ‘length of stay’, ‘intensive care unit’, and ‘protocols’. The evidence in the articles were evaluated and examined in the attached table. The evidence was also categorized for quality using the Grade model rating from A to D.

The Boston Children’s Hospital defines this as a condition where there is too much bilirubin in a baby’s blood and other tissues and fluids.

Firstly, we need to understand that our scientific view of preterm birth has changed over the years. According to popular knowledge, preterm birth is when a mother delivers too soon, but Roberto Romero, M.D., D.Med.Sci., chief of the Perinatology Research Branch of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development located at Wayne State University and the Detroit Medical Center, along with multiple scientists are researchers have come to the conclusion that preterm birth is not one problem, but a soup of multiple problems that need to be addressed (“Advances”, 2014) In fact, it can be drawn that preterm birth is not an event, but a disorder with many factors. One example is

Foetal blood sampling is the last method and known as cordocentesis or percutaneous umbilical cord sampling (PUBS). This procedure is when a needle is being inserted into the umbilical cord and foetal blood is taken and evaluated for metabolism and hematologic abnormalities (blood disorders). The use of cordocentesis is decreasing since technology can now provide the same information from tests that have smaller risk of miscarriage, such as amniocentesis and CVS, with limitations of structural chromosomal abnormalities smaller than the achievable optical resolution to be undetected.

This paper discusses the excessive blood loss that occasionally occurs in women following labor, also referred to as postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Postpartum hemorrhage is an emergent and life-threatening situation that can occur from several different issues. If not treated appropriately postpartum hemorrhaging can lead to hypovolemic shock and possibly maternal demise. This paper will cover the pathophysiology behind the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage, as well as the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings it presents with. As postpartum hemorrhage also has an impact on the infant and family of the patient experiencing PPH, implications for the family members and infant will be examined. Lastly, treatments for postpartum hemorrhage will be mentioned throughout the paper. The treatments will be correlated with the discussion of the different causes of PPH, as treatment is sometimes dependent on the underlying cause of the hemorrhage.

Obstetric haemorrhage, or heavy bleeding during pregnancy, can take place either before or after delivery.(1)The most common obstetric difficulty is postpartum haemorrhage, commonly characterised by blood loss of 500ml or more within 24 hours after delivery.(2)With postpartum haemorrhage affecting almost 2% of all woman who give birth(2), minimising the risks in paramedic practice is imperative. Ways to minimise the risk of postpartum haemorrhage in paramedic practice began by focusing only on psychological management of the third stage of labour although now, due to higher educational programs, paramedics are introduced to active management of the third stage. This includes administering drugs such as oxytocin, ergometrine and misoprostol,

Bilirubin is a component of the red blood cells, the erythrocytes, is made by the reduction of biliverdin by biliverdin reductase. [5] When bilirubin is released from the red blood cells into the circulatory system, the bilirubin will bind to albumin and become indirect bilirubin. This is to allow it to travel through the bloodstream as plasma is of an unsuitable condition for bilirubin to travel though unbound as bilirubin is water insoluble. The level of indirect bilirubin is one of the components measured in this experiment. The ideal range of indirect bilirubin concentration in the body is 0–20µmol/L as according to the practical manual.

PPH could be prevented or managed if the women had access to a skilled health care practitioner with the necessary back-up and support (Jabber &Abbas, 2011). PPH is preventable in more than half of the cases (Della Torre, Kilpatrick, Hibbard, etal., 2011). Nurses are central to the effective prevention, early recognition and treatment of PPH. They need to be aware of the risk factors for this condition and take appropriate action when they are identified (Faiza, 2014). Nurses play an important role in monitoring the woman's status, assisting with measures to control bleeding, educating the woman about her condition and providing support to the woman and her family.

The reason for the high mortality in the pre anaesthetic era was that caesarean sections were usually performed after prolonged labour in women who were dehydrated and infected , in addition , after removal of the foetus the uterus was not sutured , adding haemorrhage to the morbidity equation. By controlling the haemorrhage and sepsis Porro dramatically reduced the maternal mortality by half from its usual rate of 80-90%(Baskett and Calder

The best management strategy for BPD is to prevent it from developing. Prevention of preterm birth is the ideal method of decreasing both the incidence and severity of BPD (Evans, 2014, p. 8). There are several methods of both prevention and treatment that have reduced the incidence of BPD. Use of prenatal steroids is a method used to prevent the premature delivery. A single course of prenatal glucocorticoids administered to women, who are at high risk for premature delivery results in a significant decrease in the mortality rate and the morbidity associated with prematurity (Jardins & Burton, 2011, p. 459). Another method used is both low oxygen administration and gentle ventilation use. Every effort should be made to administer gentle

Pregnancy is normally the best and the happiest stage of any woman, but it can also be uncertain because anything can go wrong if you do not know exactly what to do. In order to understand the reasons of why Preterm Birth occurs, it is important to know what it is and how risky it can be. Preterm Birth is also known as Premature labor which mainly begins after “20 weeks but before 37 completed week’s gestations. Approximately 12.9 million babies worldwide are born too early every year representing an incidence of PTB of 9.6%” (Berghella, pp. 2, 8). Baby Center Medical Advisory Board says that about 12 percent of babies

The sign and symptoms of PPH include; the apparent excessive bleeding, hematocrit-reduction of the number of red blood cells, reduced blood pressure, development of symptoms of shock and anaemia, and severe pain and swelling of tissues and muscles of the vagina, vulva, pelvic and perineum (Simpson & Creehan, 2008). Besides, Ricci & Kyle (2009) avow that there are different factors that place a mother at risk for PPH, and they comprise; prolonged first, second or third stage of labour, previous history of PPH, foetal macrosomia, uterine infection, arrest of descent and multiple gestation. Other risk factors may include; mediolateral episiotomy, coagulation abnormalities, maternal hypertension, maternal exhaustion, malnutrition or anaemia, preeclampsia, precipitous birth, polyhydramnios and previous placenta previa (Ricci & Kyle, 2009).