What Is Cardio Vascular Disease?

Among older population (65 years or older) there is increased risk of development of coronary artery disease and also it is leading cause of death as it accounts for almost 50% of all deaths among older population (Kligman 1992).

Based in Australia, it identifies several of the challenges that affect the health of women based on public health. The policy targets chronic diseases like heart diseases. It targets women because of the influence that they have in the society. It deals with the prevention of chronic illness, healthy aging, reproductive and sexual welfare, mental health and well-being. The policy points out overall general points concerning heart disease. It recognizes it as the leading killer and an enormous burden on women. Age is a risk factor that the heart and stroke association highlights. 82 percent of deaths from cardiovascular diseases occur among people aged 65 and above. Although, more men, than women, stand higher risks of heart disease, the risk increases in women once they hit menopause. Other risky activities that these policies indicate are the lack of physical exercise, the use of tobacco and a poor diet. Morris Jerry was the first to conduct a study of cardiovascular disease, in 1949, and used occupational health data. It gave a basis for research on more information about cardiovascular

Currently, Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States (Haskell et al., 2014). In the 2016 Update of the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics report from the American Heart Association, women, in general, have a 32% prevalence rate for LDL issues vs. 31% for men. Likewise, in older women vs older men, the prevalence for hypertension rates for women were 57% vs. 54% in men (Mozaffarian et al., 2016). Within the VA, there is an even bigger gap for management of LDL’s and heart disease. 79.47% of women vs. 88.89% of men have LDL levels within the normal limits. Similarly, 79.34% of women vs. 85.67% of men with diabetes had an LDL within normal limits (Whitehead et al., 2014). Both high LDL and hypertension are proven risk factors for heart disease and stroke. When paired with diabetes, risk of peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and irregular heartbeat can also be factors (Mozaffarian et al., 2016).

Cardiovascular disease is any disease that relates to structural compromises or an obstruction of the blood vessels. Two of the most common types of cardiovascular disease involve obstructions of the arteries or the thinning of the arteries causing an increase in blood pressure. According to the American Heart Association’s article, a 14 year study found that a body mass index of twenty three to twenty five showed an increase in coronary heart disease of fifty percent. Also men from the ages of forty to sixty five with a body mass index of twenty five to twenty nine showed an increase of seventy five percent in risk for coronary heart disease. With increased weight comes

Atherosclerosis is associated with the major killer ailments in America, which include strokes, heart attacks, as well as peripheral vascular disease. The condition arises when there are a narrowing and hardening of the arteries. This is usually a gradual process, and it slowly blocks the arteries. When this happens, it will impede smooth blood flow. It is estimated that at least one million Americans lost their lives to a condition associated with atherosclerosis for the past few years.

Over the past years, heart disease has constituted one of the leading causes death in America. In fact, statistics show that one in every seven deaths is as a result of heart-related diseases (American Heart Association, 2016). Conversely, most deaths reported are of elderly individuals aged above the 65 years. However, there are also other underlying conditions that elevate the risk of developing heart diseases. According to the American Heart Association (2016) 62% of men and 67.8% of women have high blood pressure that are aged between 65-74 years of age. High blood pressure exposes older people to high-risk chances of developing cardiovascular diseases, characterized by high rates of mortality, morbidity, and disability. Cardiovascular

When looking at age, recent studies in the US showed the prevalence of heart failure was increased form 0.7- 2.2% in people aged from 45-54 and a massive increase to 8.4% in persons above the age of 75 (Redfield,

Cardiovascular disease is the number one leading cause of death in the United States of America affecting eighty one million Americans every day; taking a life every thirty eight seconds which is equal to “two thousand three hundred Americans every day” (book, p. 414). The research shows that women are more at risk of having a heart attack than men. “Each year about 425,000 women have a stroke, that is, 55,000 more than men” (Heart Attack and Stroke: Men vs. Women, p. 7). Indeed, Heart attack is known to kill 1 of every 4 women in the country. (Women and Heart Disease Fact Sheet). “Cardiovascular disease claims more lives each year than the next four leading causes of death combined (cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, accidents and diabetes)” (Donatelle, p. 454) Still, for many women it is unknown that they actually have a higher risk than men to experience a heart disease. (Wolf, Miller, Ko, p. 405). This happens for many reasons, education level, social status, age and racial or ethnic differences.

The general term includes a wide range of cardiovascular issues: included would be heart rhythm abnormalities, arteries hardening, congenital heart defects, and coronary artery disease and heart infections. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of medical death in the United States. Blocked or narrowed blood vessels and arteries can and will cause heart attacks, strokes and other cardiovascular. (1)

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty materials and plaque buildup on the inner lining of arteries. Arteries are blood vessels which carry rich blood to the heart and throughout the body. They’re lined by the endothelium, a thin layer of cells. The endothelium keeps blood flowing by keeping the inside of arteries smooth. However, when Atherosclerosis starts due to high blood pressure, smoking, or high cholesterol, it damages the endothelium. Atherosclerosis tends to happen throughout the body and arises when people grow older. This disease is mainly due to the deposition of fatty materials i.e., cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. The buildup of fat then hardens causing narrowing of the arteries. This

Public health promotes healthy living for each community through epidemiology. Disease prevention and control is the common goal of epidemiology, nursing practice, and public health. “Epidemiology is the study of the population in order to monitor the health of the population, understand the determinants of health and disease in the community, and investigate and evaluate interventions to prevent disease and maintain health” (Stanhope & Lancaster. 2008). Epidemiologists have developed many parameters to slow the spread of disease. For example, cardiovascular disease including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and

Research shows that the main cause of death in the United States has been found to be cardiovascular disease. The leading type of cardiovascular disease is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and it accounts for the majority of these deaths. Coronary Artery disease is a type of blood vessel disorder that is included in the general category of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is often referred to as “hardening of the arteries.” (Lewis, 2011) Individuals with CAD have genetic predisposition. Familial hypercholesterolemia, meaning high cholesterol in the blood, has been linked with CAD at early ages. In majority of cases of hypercholesterolemia, clients who have angina or myocardial infarction (MI) can name a parent or sibling who has died from CAD. Individuals who have incidence of coronary artery disease are often more likely to fit the demographic of middle aged, Caucasian males. Coronary Artery disease is also present among African American, Hispanic, and Native American ethnicities. African Americans have earlier onset and African American females have a higher death rate and incidence than Caucasian women. Native Americans over the age of 35 years have mortality rates twice as high as any other American because of the modifiable risk factors that include tobacco use, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Gender, a non-modifiable risk factor also plays a role on the individual with coronary artery disease. Men start to exhibit signs and symptoms of CAD 10 years earlier

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death and mortality across the globe, especially because of its increase in low and middle income countries. The disease is commonly referred to as heart disease since it’s a group of diseases that involve the heart, blood vessels or both. Generally, the disease involves abnormal functioning of the heart of blood vessels, which increases the risk of heart failure, heart attack, cardiac rhythm issues, stroke, and unexpected death. These problems in turn contribute to reduced quality of life and declining life expectancy. While there are various risk factors for the disease, it causes range from genetics, to structural defects, environment, inflammation, and infection. The severity of the disease has contributed to the increased need to examine its major causes, current medications, and ways for mitigating its proliferation. This article seeks to understand these various aspects in cardiovascular disease through cohort study designs and other evidence-based management studies.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a progressive disease that causes the heart to weaken and the cardiovascular system. This develops when the heart is cannot to pump enough blood to meet the demands of the body’s other organs (http://www.seniorsforliving.com). Narrowed arteries that supply the blood to the heart muscles or high blood pressure, and high cholesterol can also cause congestive heart failure. Knowing the signs of possible heart failure can help a person know on coming problem and possibly prevent a major heart attack. CHF is preventable and the best way this can be done is with minimizing the risk factors, and involves changing a person’s lifestyle, which is the key to much healthier life. This is accomplished by choosing to eat healthier adding fresh vegetables and fruit to a person’s diet, including a daily routine of exercise and physical activity, and retaining a healthy weight. To manage congestive heart failure a person should get proper rest, quit smoking, lose weight, maintain a low salt diet, and control stress. With controlling the influence of possible heart disease; fewer complication will develop from the disease and less health care and medications will become necessary. Therefore if people are able to minimize their risk for disease the health care delivery system can continue to provide help to the public without concern about

As the population ages heart failure is expected to increase exceptionally. About twenty-two percent of men and forty-four percent of women will develop heart failure within six years of having a heart attack. “Thirty years ago patients would have died from their heart attacks!” (Couzens)