Computer crimes present exorbitant issues in today's society. With computer security crimes on the rise, it is becoming e crucial for law enforcement officers and digital forensic examiners to understand computer forensic efficiently and effectively. It has become critical for law enforcement and digital forensic analysts to comprehend computer frameworks productively and adequately as cybercrimes continue to rise as society relies upon the usage of technology. Assessments of information system incidents can be reviewed and evaluated through forensic methodologies. The essential the methodologies presented in digital forensic process model will ensure my forensic team identify potential digital evidence on any type of electrical gadget. …show more content…
•Analysis. The analysis stage is the process of analyzing or breaking down the results of the examination and utilizing lawfully reasoning strategies and procedures, to determine a hypothesis. The hypothesis addresses inquiries that were proposed during the data gathering and examination. Additionally, measure frequently are uncover during this phrases which were not noticeable to the naked eye. •Reporting. The reporting phrase is the last stage which announces the results of the investigation. The detail report composed by investigators may incorporate the specific activities utilized, express how devices and strategies were chosen, specify if other procedures should be performed, and provide recommendations (Pollitt, 2007). In a digital search, the sensitivity and likeness of evidence could be compromised is extremely high. In a digital search, the preparation phrase, the environment must be controlled and secured before and during the search. Preparing the environment by implementing safe practices to secure the digital crime scene environment can knowingly increase the accuracy of investigators data collection. Any data present at the crime scene could possibly be valuable and can be a unique finger impression or digital footprint (Laubscher, 2005). Investigators must fully review the extent of the search warrant for legal purpose before the collection of evidence. Investigators must identify
Digital forensics has always been known across technologists and law enforcement as the art of hacking into a computer and retrieving important information. Information that holds the key to important crimes and issues surrounding criminal activity. More importantly, digital forensics has the ability to make the non-believer surrounding a criminal case into a swift prosecutor ready to use his or her fullest extent of the law; regarding the sensitive data that comes out of that powerful piece of machinery as we know today as technology. Digital forensic scientists have begun to venture into the world of cloud computing and its familiar components. Components such as remote servers, web browsers, and web based media devices that are connected to the cloud.
When faced with problems as a computer forensics investigator you must be very flexible. There are many different types of computer related crimes in today’s society. They may range from child pornography to identity theft to even insider trading on Wall Street. The possibilities for the criminals in our world to use computers and the Internet against us are endless. The computer forensics or cyber forensics fields are growing but are still learning every day because it is such a young field of study. New things emerge every day that computer forensic investigators must adapt to and begin to learn to help combat these criminals. Investigators will use many tools to help them find incriminating evidence. These investigators must learn these tools inside and out to make sure every test they run can be valid. The computer forensics field is growing rapidly and there are a lot of real world threats that we need these investigators to help us solve.
2) the Summary phase, in which the body of research on a particular topic is summarized into a meaningful statement of the state of the science;
Electronic evidence is very fragile because it can be destroyed or altered very easily, therefore it is imperative that investigators follow very careful all the procedural steps when collecting electronic evidence (Diversified Forensics). Before any electronic evidence is gathered investigators should determine whether there is probable cause that a crime has been committed, or if the crime was committed somewhere else the investigator should determine whether the electronic evidence will aid the investigation process to prove or disapprove the crime, if a warrant is needed it must be obtained prior to collecting the evidence (Diversified Forensics). Hard drives, computers, and other electronic devices must be turned off, unplug all cables,
For this reason, it is imperative that the information gathered is reliable and accurate to ensure the evidence collected can be utilized by the digital forensic investigator for the current case (Ingalls & Rodriguez, 2011). Additionally, cyber incidents require digital forensic investigators to interview various individuals regarding the information needed for the case. According to the National Institute of Justice (2004), interviewing the system administrator, users, and employees of an organization regarding a cyber incident would provide investigators with valuable information; for example, user accounts, email accounts, network configuration, logs, and passwords. Furthermore, for digital forensic investigators to conduct an effective interview, they must have the proper tools and training to employ the interview process. For instance, formal procedures or instructions should be developed and implemented to ensure that the investigator follows a standard during all investigations. Additionally, training should be provided to ensure that digital forensic investigators comprehend by what means to prepare, conduct, and evaluate an interview. Furthermore, resources should be made available for digital forensic investigators to accomplish their tasks; for example, recording devices and references. Also, definitions should be provided to the digital forensic investigators for
A computer forensic investigation typically includes the collection, examination, analysis, and reporting of data. These steps could have been used to extract and preserve the data in the U.S. versus AOL case. Collection involves seizing digital evidence. Examination is where techniques are applied in order to identify and extract data. Analysis is using the data and resources to prove a case (Brecht, 2015). Reporting involves presenting the documentation gathered during the investigation. Investigators use these steps to examine evidence that could be needed in a trial. Following these steps is one way to ensure that the findings are sound and admissible in court. “The purpose of a computer forensic examination is to recover data from computers seized as evidence in criminal investigations (Brecht, 2015)”. Forensic tools are used by investigators to provide their collection, indexing and detailed analysis
Digital crime has been on the increase due to the increasing use of computer and internet. This has led the investigators with another method of fighting this crime. This is Computer Forensics, a process of going into computer hard drive and capturing basic information the user believed it has been erased.
Data is crucial to the success of any company and they are now increasing their efforts in soliciting and retrieving customer data to learn more about their client's preferences, likes, and dislikes. This, among other factors has attributed to a growing field of data science where data scientists learn to collect crucial data. While there are many types of data, this paper will primarily focus on digital data and how digital scientists can retrieve these data to support provide information for the crown or for the defense. This area has received more attention because criminals such as terrorists have realized the effectiveness of using digital devices to aid in their criminal endeavors (Reith, Carr & Gunsch, 2002, p.2). To combat this, law enforcement agencies are now relying on digital scientists to preserve, collect, analysis and interpret "digital evidence derived from digital sources" (Vincze, 2016, p.184) to help prevent cybercrime and prosecute (or exonerate) suspects. The purpose of this paper is then to illustrate why digital forensic is crucial to addressing the new dangers presented in our society by analyzing the strengths and demonstrating why the weaknesses of the field
From data acquisition, the investigator should move to the process of extracting data. He or she should use special computer forensics software tools to extract important data from various computer devices and networks. The process of extracting data requires the investigator to be knowledgeable about where to search data in the system and the kind of questions to ask (Rogers, 2003). After extracting data, the investigator proceeds to the process of data analysis. By this time, the investigator will probably be having thousands of files. He or she should use computer forensic tools and techniques to analyze the files in order to generate data which is more relevant and concise (Rogers, 2003). The last step of the process of computer forensics involves reporting the analyzed data. The investigators should ensure that the data, which is supposed to be reported, is complete, understandable, and defendable. This will ensure that the final data presented is credible (Rogers, 2003).
Supportive investigation procedures and protocols should be in place in order to show that the incriminating evidence was on the electronic media. Crime has changed since the dawning of the computer age and the need for digital forensics is growing rapidly. Digital forensics has various areas based on different standards and media types, each with experts. There have been major breakthroughs in digital forensics
Investigating a cyberstalking case presents a unique set of challenges. Evidence can be found in digital form, so it can be protected from being lost or damaged, or the complete opposite can be true and it can be easily lost, damaged, corrupted, or rendered inadmissible in court due to flawed forensic gathering practices. It is important, with cases involving digital media that the same procedures be followed when it comes to collecting evidence. Chain of custody documentation must still be kept. The right software must be used to directly copy any hardware seized or searched for investigative purposes.
The next step will consist of a literature review once the research problem is identified, (Labaree, 2013). For this step, the necessary research of the literature will be adequately performed to identify previous studies, their designs, instrument similarities, and prior results.
The need for an increase in trained personnel in the criminal justice field with a sufficient level of knowledge and skills to investigate, detect, and prosecute high technology crimes is needed with the ever-increasing problem of technology crimes occurring throughout the world. Skilled investigators are needed to not only investigate and prosecute technology crimes, skilled investigators are needed to protect evidence found on computers and other portable devices so that arrests can be made. The most common form of damage or deletion of evidence is attributed to employee errors and omissions. Any organization that uses computers constantly faced with a “variety of potential problems that can lead to the disruption or, worse, destruction of
Procedures for evidence should account for different types of media, devices and the power status of devices. Policies, procedures, and training are necessary to ensure incident response personnel do not inadvertently damage forensic evidence. It is wise to involve Law Enforcement (LE) or a lawyer early in any anticipated litigation and heed advice on jurisdiction and gathering relevant evidence. To reinforce the reliability of the preserved evidence, responsible personnel should receive applicable training.
In a world where technology is increasingly becoming the way of life, it was only a matter of time before crime was no longer just in the streets but happening online as well. Criminals now get a new approach to carry out their crimes with the use of computers. Since technology is more like a murder mystery than catching the bad guy in the act, a new discipline of forensics needed to be put into place. This is known as computer forensics. Forensic science is any science used for the purpose of law. In the case of computer forensics it is “the discipline that combines elements of law and computer science to collect and analyze data from computer systems, networks, wireless communications, and storage devices in a way that is admissible as evidence in a court of law” (U.S. Cert, 2008). Meaning if you do something illegal on the Internet it can be found.