What Is Extended Ophthalmoscopy And What Are The Different Types?

As discussed in Dr. Fink’s lecture, high blood pressure can result in retinal damage. This retinal damage can present as hemorrhages, exudates, or with a component of papilledema (CP, 145). According to Lilly, this retinal damage produced by hypertension is termed hypertensive retinopathy. More often than not, the retinopathy can be seen on physical exam but is asymptomatic to the patient. However, the clinical presentation can help to further classify the nature of the patient’s hypertension.

2. For each variable, do each of the following: (a) describe it, including how many different levels of the variable there will be (b) describe how you intend to manipulate the variable, and (c) explain why this variable is included in the design, and why each level of this variable is included.

For this assignment, I interviewed Dr. George Joseph, a board certified Medical Doctor with specialty training in Ophthalmology. Dr. Joseph has practiced Ophthalmology for 18 years. He previously worked for UT Southwestern Medical School and the University of Houston. However, he currently works as the Medical Director for Vision Group Holdings and Eye Surgery of Texas, PA. They have offices in Dallas, Ft. Worth, Austin, Houston, San Antonio, El Paso, Oklahoma City and St. Louis. He is also on staff at Presbyterian Hospital of Plano Texas. Dr. Joseph listed his daily responsibilities as “setting medical protocols and examining and evaluating patients with medical diseases of the eye for treatment.” Treatments for his patients typically include

Proliferative: This is where new blood vessels grow on the surface of the retina which cause

Before we could begin our project we had to plan. We drew a diagram on a piece of paper. At first we tried to build the machine off of the diagram but we had to make a couple slight changes along the way. With the new design we had to correct the diagram from before. We were all pleased with the new design.

Lopez, called fluorescein angiography, which is a method by which ophthalmologists can view the vasculature of the eye. In this technique, a fluorophore is injected into the blood vesicles of the eye, illuminating the vasculature. The benefits of this procedure are that through the images, ophthalmologists can easily vessels, blood flow, and where there may be obstructions or leakage in those vessels. While this is often the standard used for looking at blood flow in the eye, more recently there have been concerns that not all capillaries can be visualized by fluorescein angiography. While this test was done on Mrs. Lopez, I do not believe the pictures provided are images from a fluorescein angiography test as the fluorophore would appear as white against a dark background (see image

The Optomap® Retinal Exam is used to get an ultra-widefield view of the back of the eye. While eye exams generally include a look at the front of the eye to evaluate health and prescription changes, a thorough screening of the retina is critical to verify that your eye is healthy. This can lead to early detection of common diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetes, macular degeneration, and even cancer. The exam is quick, painless, and may not require dilation drops. Dr. Rhodes and Dr. Zemanovich will educate you about the structures of your retina and interactively review and discuss the results of your exam. The optomap® photography provides a permanent record of the condition of your retina, which will allow the doctors to compare each year’s

"Hypertensive Retinopathy is a retinal disease and the retinal blood vessels that occur because of uncontrolled blood pressure. Uncontrolled high blood pressure makes the retinal blood vessels become narrow and leak

Eyes: Visual acuity intact, conjunctiva is transparent, sclera non-icteric, have normal optic discs and vessels, no exudates or

Retinopathy is classified as background retinopathy, preproliferative retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy. Background retinopathy is where there is partial occlusion of the small blood vessels in the retina which result in microaneurysms in the capillary wall. These microaneurysms are weak and capillary fluid leaks out causing edema and intraretinal haemorrhages.

Retina Fundus Image is obtained by using a fundus camera. This photograph captures the image of the retina which includes the optic disc, blood vessels and the macula region. Usually non mydriatic retinal photographs are taken unless if the patient’s pupils are too small where a mild drop is given to dilate the pupil, especially among children (Bruce, Newman, Perez, Biousse, 2013). With the captured image, ophthalmologists can use to follow-up on eye conditions, diagnosing eye diseases such as

A clinical study presented in the 119th annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology by Dr Donald Tan of the Singapore National Eye Center and his colleagues

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. With increasing global prevalence of diabetes, DR is a major cause of vision impairment, which accounts for 5% of all blindness, affecting approximately 5 million people worldwide, and is characterized by the progressive occlusion of capillaries, leading to retinal nonperfusion.

In Unites States, diabetic retinopathy is the prime reason of blindness in people aged over 25 years of age. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is among the highest vision threatening complication, together with diabetic macular edema (DME).3 In Pakistan, the prevalence of PDR is reported around 2.65-5% in various studies.4, 5 Among the major causes of visual impairment in patients of PDR, vitreous hemorrhage (VH) is the foremost cause of sudden

Use this section to identify the design documents that have been developed and summarizes the overall solution design in a succinct statement. Also, define why each of these design documents is necessary for the project.