What Is Hindsight Bias In Psychology

The social-psychological principle that is relevant to this scene is self-fulfilling prophecies. The definition of self-fulfilling prophecy is “the observation that expectations about the future tend to come true due to the fact that our expectations affect what we think, say, and do and those actions affect the outcome of events and situations”. Robert Merton describes self-fulfilling prophecies as the situation where we end up labeling others, and through this we actually influence their action, and they eventually become

He analysis conformation bias, hindsight bias, self-serving bias, and other types. When talking about conformation bias McRaney analysis that we have constructed our thoughts and opinions based on information we have accumulated based on our beliefs, while ignoring what the information against other opinions. A form of conformation bias that McRaney uses in page twenty-seven is: When you talk about a movie you haven’t seen in a long time and all of a sudden you are surrounded by information of said movie, you believe that fate is trying to tell you something. In reality conformation bias is occurring. You are have noticed more information about the movie because you have dismissed any other information. We seek out information that only enhances our beliefs and discriminates against the facts. Hindsight bias is relatable because we look at newfound information and speculate that we had already known it all along. Hindsight bias isn’t necessarily good because we have tendency to always wanting to be right, so after learning something new we edit our memories so we seem more factual than what we really are. McRaney states on page thirty-three that studies are the best way to demonstrate hindsight bias for researchers. Researchers can write a false statement in an article and we manufacture this information as our truth. Another form of bias McRaney talked about was self-serving bias. Self-serving bias

In this paper we will analyze and discuss unconscious biases in our personal lives, workplace and home. How we become aware of these biases, what causes

Hindsight bias- The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)

An answer may be found in the Dunning-Kruger effect: the curious phenomenon of “confident idiots” emboldened by their own ignorance, rather than cautioned by it.

Think of a time when you jumped to a conclusion or made an assumption about someone or something, and then you later learned that your assumption or conclusion was incorrect. In 1-2 paragraphs, tell the story, including why you jumped to the conclusion and what errors in perception, demographic characteristics, etc. played a

A cognitive bias in which people will have the tendency to believe that a statement, idea, or information is accurate if it is either positive, meaningful, or if it’s personally addressed to them. Many people believe in biorhythms, horoscopes iridology, cold reading, and tarot cards because they appear to have the solution to their problems which is meaningful. In addition, many mediums and palm readers depend on subjective validation because it is easy to convince others that they are linked to unrelated events. (Pages 120, 122-123).

Confirmation bias is a tendency of people to prefer information that reinforces a thought or believe that they have. People demonstrate this bias when they retain information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for emotional issues and for deeply rooted beliefs. (Science Daily)

Cognitive Biases people are tendencies to think in certain ways that can lead to systematic deviations from a "standard of rationality or good judgment, and often studied in psychology. And behavior can playing a big part

When it came to the race we would always remember that million dollar sponsor right away. And any type of information that will help us make a decision on why we should do it. The amount of money and the 80% chance of making it to the top five seemed very appealing and easy to remember.

Some major bias’s I found in myself where mainly just silly ones. These would be things such as me saying to myself, “why is she talking like that, she must be weird.” When in reality she could have been the nicest person I met that day but I automatically made a judgment about her and pushed myself away. Or me saying something to myself like, “ she’s really quite in class, she must be socially award.” These are bias’s that people have in their every day lives. I could go on and on about things that I have automatically judged somebody on when I had no idea if that was even the case. I’m not saying that I judge people all the time but what I am saying is that I am human, and it is what it is, but is that just another bias too? See, what I have learned is that biases will never go away. They are constantly happening. We can remind ourselves to not be so bias but it is in our human nature to do so without even thinking about it.

In psychology, prejudice is different from discrimination. Prejudice is an unjustifiable and often negative stereotyped attitude that a person holds against the members of a particular social group. Whereas, discrimination is when prejudicial attitudes cause members of a particular group to be treated differently than others in situations that call for equal treatment. Thus, prejudice leads to discrimination. There are several factors that contribute to prejudice and discrimination, and there are many techniques for reducing the development of prejudice and discrimination.

Confirmation bias is defined as a tendency for a researcher to search for confirming information while ignoring information that disconfirms his belief. Availability heuristic occurs when a researcher overestimates how often an event occurs based on his own experiences of unusual events. Availability heuristic and confirmation bias can effect research by leading to errors in the study due to the researcher holding onto their own beliefs wholeheartedly and unwilling to entertain new ideas. This lack of new ideas will make the research one sided rather than presenting a bigger picture of the study. The validity of the research will be

A psychological concept that I have chosen to talk about is the self-fulfilling prophecy.According to the text, a self-fulfilling prophecy is a situation that occurs when our expectations about the personality characteristics of others lead us to behave toward those others in ways that make those beliefs come true. In simpler terms, it means a prediction that comes true based on belief and behavior. An example would be if a person said that they will fail at something, whether it's a job or competitions, so they put no work into it. They are setting themselves up for failure by not trying, thus a self-fulfilling prophecy.

One time in my life when i experienced incorrect perception was when i was bullied. In elementary school and middle school i was bullied for every little thing. it affected me a lot back then, especially in middle school because that's when my depression and anxiety first started and i did nothing to help it. I got bullied for countless things like being overweight, acne, things i did and my mom being bald.