Huntington and his Critics Introduction: The clash of civilization is a theory by Samuel Huntington. In this theory, Huntington claims that the clash is inevitable. There is a new world order we are facing that include major civilization fighting for their cultural existence. On the other hand, many scholars opposed Huntington’s ideology about the clash of civilization some of them called him a great theorist using recycled conflicts as a method. In this paper, I will summarize Huntington ideology and I will show why I think Fukuyama was right. Huntington claims that the fundamental source of conflict between civilization will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic, Huntington believes that the conflict will be more cultural which …show more content…
One of them is Edward Said who accused Huntington to be a great theorist, using recycled version of conflicts. Said claims that Huntington ideology of the west remain strong and its opponents weak and divided is very interventionist and aggressive attitude towards other civilizations. Said suggests to embrace ideas to help the world to understand and try to reconcile between cultures. Huntington picked small handful of authorities and not the cultures themselves. Said claim that that the Muslims got better thing to do rather than being an anti-Western. Fouad Ajami, is contrasting Huntington’s point of view by saying it is not civilizations that control states but, rather states that control civilizations. he uses the example of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, when many major Muslim countries joined the Unites stated against their fellow Muslim state. Amaryta Sen, noted “the drawing of a millennia-long division between the tolerant West and the intolerant rest is both inaccurate and self-serving”. Francis Fukuyama states (after the successful attack on the world trade center) the attack was performed by Islamic extremist who’s unhappy with the existence of Western Civilization. democracy and free market will continue to spread as dominant organizing for much of the world, they will only work with societies with certain values. According to Fukuyama’s view, the hatred and the dislike represents
Huntington’s Disease is a brain disorder affecting movement, cognition, and emotions (Schoenstadt). It is a genetic disorder generally affecting people in their middle 30s and 40s (Sheth). Worldwide, Huntington’s disease (affects between 3-7 per 100,000 people of European ancestry (Schoenstadt). In the United States alone, 1 in every 30,000 people has Huntington’s disease (Genetic Learning Center). Huntington’s Disease is a multi-faceted disease, with a complex inheritance pattern and a wide range of symptoms. There is also much research being done in the field of Huntington’s disease, because as of 2012, this disease is untreatable. THESIS.
Huntington introduced a very controversial and debatable theory of clash of civilizations seems to prove itself correct, with the Western Christianity on one hand and the Orthodox Christianity and Islam on the other. He states that clash of civilization is unavoidable and is predicted in the near future. Today, we can already see those tensions and conflicts between civilizations, due to differences in cultures and traditions. While West is becoming more modern, the Islamic world is going back to its roots. Traditions, language and religion separate two civilizations causing conflicts that lead to violence (Huntigton, 25). This clash was mostly highlighted in 9/11 terroristic attack, which separated the West from the East.
In his book, Carnage and Culture, Victor Davis Hanson, a military historian and professor at California State University, reasons that the west and its armies have been the most lethal and effective force in the world because of the inseparability between armies and their cultures. He illustrates the cultural superiority of the west by explaining the tenets of western society (freedom, citizenship, right to property, capitalism, and individualism) and applies them to nine landmark battles in which the west take part. Hanson uses “the term ‘Western’ to refer to the culture of classical antiquity that arose in Greece and Rome; survived the collapse of the Roman Empire; spread to western and northern Europe; then during the great periods of exploration and colonization of the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries expanded to the
Another example of this conflict is shown when Howard is defending himself in court. He describes how everyone in history who had an idea was always criticized. People didn’t like individuality, but eventually people came around to the ideas. He feels that
Samuel Huntington’s controversial article “The Clash of Civilizations?” was first published in Foreign Affairs in 1993 and was subsequently turned into a book in 1996 titled The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. As this paper will show Huntington’s work can be seen as a product of the post-Cold War context it was written in. Huntington’s article takes a new perspective on the new world order and outlines a different way a thinking about how future world conflicts will unfold. Since the initial journal article was published in 1993 there has been a great deal of response from academics and also from Huntington himself. A majority of the responses come in the form of critiques, with the authors offering their own insight into how the post-Cold War World will operate. Although the validity of Huntington’s arguments have been questioned, it did create a great deal of controversy in the academic world. As Huntington explained in the preface of his 1996 book, the original article published in Foreign Affairs created more discussion in three years than any other article published in the journal since the 1940s.
Huntington, Sameul. "The Clash of Civilizations." The Aims of Argument: A Text and Reader. 5th ed. Eds. Timothy Crusius and Carolyn Channell. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
culture war - and a master, too, of taking social and cultural debates that could be important and necessary and making them stupider and emptier and all about himself”
Being an avid reader, I came across two noteworthy literatures which I believe played a significant role in developing my personality and ideologies. One was ‘The Third Alternative’ by Steven R. Covey and second was ‘Bargaining with the Devil: When to Negotiate, When to Fight’ by Robert Mnookin. Although both writings take different spectrums, but I find them similar, implying the essential need of negotiations and cooperation among the two parties. However, I believe, the advancement of human race lies in disagreements. This statement may sound feeble, but plentiful examples from history has proven it. It was the disagreement which prompted American Revolution and ignited the cycle of change, later followed by French revolution. The disagreements
He acknowledges the idea that others look at conflict theory as pertaining to specific events in history; however, he insists that it is more than that and that “the perspective is much broader and includes all of what goes on in society” (Collins 1994:47). He stresses upon the fact that it is not about simply having conflicts occur, but rather, how domination happens even when conflict is not outwardly occuring (Collins 1994:47).
In Samuel P. Huntington’s article “The West: Unique, Not Universal,” he addresses his audience with a very controversial question: Is Western Culture universal or unique? Huntington elaborately opens up this question with research and examples to explain and persuade readers that the West will never be a universal culture for all, but rather a unique culture that will be accepted by those who appreciate it. For decades now, historians and scholars have debated with one another to determine who is right and wrong. However, from a handful of articles from different scholars, Samuel Huntington’s statement that the West is unique rather than universal is supported and even further elaborated on by these particular sources. A common understanding between all the sources, that must be noted, is that a civilization’s culture is not comprised of material goods but rather their culmination of their religion(s), values, language(s) and traditions. While although there are scholars out their that negate the West is unique, a large amount of scholars still argue and strengthen Huntington’s argument that the West has unique and exclusive characteristics that make them distinctive and rare.
Bin Laden openly perpetuates conflict between Islam and the West. “This battle is not between al-Qaeda and the U.S.,” the al-Qaeda leader said in October 2001, yet “this is a battle of Muslims against the global crusaders.” From Bin Laden’s perspective, this “clash of civilizations” between Americans and the West has been under way for centuries and it is just the most recent incarnation of the Christian Crusaders. In October 2001, the Arabic satellite news channel aired an interview in which Bin Laden expressed his views on Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” thesis. The following is a summary of bin Laden’s points in this interview:
Doctor George Huntington a young American who complete is Doctor Degree in1872 addition, written about Huntington disease which the illness. Huntington disease, a rare abnormal hereditary condition of the brain and mental deterioration as result to dementia that also called "an heirloom early generation. Doctor George Huntington was not the first to describe the disorder, at the time it calls chorea, which, as in "management is the Greek word for dance. The term chorea describes how people are struggling with the disorder. And turn in a constant, uncontrollable dance-like motion. Later, other descriptive names evolved. "Chronic progressive chorea" stresses how symptoms of the disease worsen over time. Today, physicians
Reacting to the theory of Fukuyama, Samuel P. Huntington resumed the expression "Clash of civilizations" in 1993 and speculates that it is mainly cultural and religious identities
So what exactly is the clash of civilizations? This was briefly addressed in Samuel Huntington’s paper “The clash of civilizations?”. In order to explain the term, let’s first look into what civilization is. Person does not simply get to choose the civilization he/she simply belongs to. Communists can become democrats and vice versa, but Russians can never become Americans or Arabs cannot become European. In the conflict between civilizations the question is “What are you?”, it is something given and cannot be changed. Conflicts between countries are inevitable and with the way things work it is just a matter of time, before one country would not be comfortable with what other country is doing. In that case, cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable and hence less easily compromised and resolved than political and economic ones [1]. The clash of civilizations often occurs on two levels. Micro-level is when small
Samuel Huntington, the author of the clash of the civilisations believes that the World will eventually divide in accordance with cultural lines, and not political lines. According to Huntington, “the thriving East Asian and Muslim societies will soon challenge Western dominance, and the United States being the World leader will need to reevaluate its policies on foreign invention and domestic immigration to remain a major player.” During the Cold War, the world was divided into the First, Second and Third Worlds. Huntington views these ties as insignificant now and states that the remaking of the World order will be based upon cultural similarity. The different thriving civilisations according to him today are the Western civilisation comprising of North America and Western Europe, the Muslim civilisation, the Orthodox Civilisation led by Russia, the Chinese civilisation, the Hindu civilisation, the Japanese civilisation, the Latin American civilisation and the African civilisation. Huntington’s proposition of the division of the World according to cultural lines has been backed by the use of various examples by him; examples of events that have taken place in the past.