What Is Innate Immunity?

The immune system depends on the body’s structures to help it function. For instance, the skin acts as the “body’s first line of defense.” If a pathogen finds a breach in the skin barrier, it is the circulatory system that must now signal the immune system of the invader. Shortly after, white blood cells will be notified of the infection and will target and destroy the pathogen.

The innate immune system is effective to a certain degree. That said, if the environment is regulated then the body is less likely to get ill. Innate immunity is effective as once the patient matures his immune system will mature due to the B and T memory cells. The memory cells will help the body prepare for the virus once it has arrived. The memory cells will send specialised lymph nodes to the invading pathogen. The B and T memory cells are key to immunity of a virus.

Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. Adaptive immunity refers to antigen-specific immune response.

The innate and adaptive immune response start with exposure to an antigen in the epithelium of

Innate Immune System – Nonspecific and abrupt first response; comprised of epithelial surfaces (physical barriers), neutrophils, and macrophages.

This is immunity in an organism that’s a result from the production of antibodies or lymphocytes after an antigen is identified in the body.

Adaptive immunity (p.446): The body’s ability to recognize and defend itself against distinct invaders and their products.

Secondly, several in today’s society believe that natural immunity is more beneficial than artificial immunity. This is because although artificial immunity is strong, the effects caused by natural immunity are much greater hence longer lasting.5 One way of natural immunity is natural passive immunity. Through this, offspring receives antibodies to help fight infections during the beginning of its life either through the placenta while in the uterus or breastmilk from the mother. Natural active immunity is said to produce higher antibody levels against ailments as

When foreign invaders such as bacteria or viruses enter the body, immune cells called lymphocytes respond by producing antibodies, which are protein molecules. These antibodies fight the invaders known as an antigen and protect against further infection. A primary immune response happens the first time a person is exposed to an antigen. This response is slow and takes several weeks to occur, memory cells

Innate immunity refers to antigen-nonspecific defence mechanisms that a host uses immediately or within several hours after exposure to an antigen. This is the immunity that you are born with, and is the initial response by the body to eliminate

The innate immune response is meant to prevent further invasion and replication of the pathogen

Normally the body is protected by the immune system. When the immune system detects an unwelcome visitor such as fungi, bacteria and or viruses

The adaptive immune response is antigen-specific and requires the recognition of specific “non-self” antigens during a process called antigen presentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are tailored to specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells. The ability to mount these tailored responses is maintained in the body by "memory cells". Should a pathogen infect the body more than once, these specific memory cells are used to quickly eliminate it. so basically killer T cells will identify antigens present on foreign cells. These antigens are not found in any of the cells inside our body. So T cells will identify them and kill them.

Innate immune responses are known as the non-specific manner which composes the cells and defend the host from infection by other organism by mechanism. The adaptive immunity represents the antigen-specific immune response. Compare to innate immune response, adaptive response is more complex. In adaptive response the antigen needs to be recognised and processed. The adaptive immune system creates immune

Macrophages form an essential component of innate immunity. Activation of macrophages releases an array of mediators that regulate all aspect of host defense, inflammation and homeostasis [1]. In unremitting inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, persistent antigen stimulation resulted in macrophage dysfunction which leads to inflamed synovial membrane and joint destruction [2]. The presence of macrophages at the site of inflammation can be further evident by elevated levels of macrophage derived inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 [3, 4]. Therefore, inhibition of these inflammatory mediators can helps in ameliorating inflammatory condition.