What Is Isokinetic Contraction?

Using electrodes on the bicep to record the motor unit recruitment during all four conditions: control, stretching, cardio, and aerobic stretching. As shown in figure 5, the control group and the stretching are similar in the amount of EMG amplitude (mV). However, when comparing stretching with both cardio and aerobic stretching there is an increase as the intensity of the warm-up. Moreover, aerobic stretching has the highest EMG amplitude, which shows that there is motor unit cycling. Motor cycling provides a more efficient performance on the bicep because more of the muscle is being used (Widmaier, et al.,

Isometric Exercise- Any activity in which the muscles exert force but do not visibly change in length

Manual muscle testing will be tested to assess the strength in muscles used for running such as the prime/strong muscles which are the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. This will also determine the weakness in muscles such as the plantarflexors, dorsiflexors, knee flexion, and knee extension. Also, range of motion will be tested on the tight muscles such as the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. When the muscles are tight, the runner will increase the risk of injury (Schipper, 2009). Gait analysis will be used to examine deficits to body function, stability, and describe how the patient will be running. This will help determine the patient’s biomechanics and achieve adequate mobility. Lastly, we will perform a pain assessment to see what pain level the patient is at when running. This will help determine whether the patient is minimizing stress on the body to achieve no pain at all while running. To monitor progress of these assessments, we must know that if these “muscles are weak or become fatigued easily, there is less control of the leg and the risk of injury increases" (Schipper, 2009, paragraph

To begin the participant were split into 5 groups and each participant participated in the lab unless they have no cleared their PARQ+ form (Table 1). Next the participants age in years (yr), height in centimeters (cm) with no shoes on, Body Mass in kilograms (kg) with light clothing on and no shoes, and Gender I was measured. Each participant then warmed up on the Monark bike for 5 minutes (mins) at 80 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 1.5 kilopond’s (kp) before they participated in isometric dynamometry. Then the participants sat on the stool and the adjustable strap was attached to the right ankle. The line pull that is attached to the participants right ankle and the stool was then examined to make sure it was parallel to the ground or horizontal, and the participants ankle was place in the proper

What is the Effect of Kinesio Tape on Ankle joint Proprioception (Joint Position Sense) and Isokinetic Muscle Strength in the athletes after fatigue.

In biomechanics, “the human body is viewed as a machine, or mechanical system, subject to the restrictions of the laws of physics. The body is broken down, figuratively of course, into a collection of body segments which include the forearm, foot, thigh, and so on. Connected to one another by pivoting joints, they are moved by muscular and/or extremely applied forces. The idea is to study the human body in action as it goes through some particular movement in order to isolate the various individual motions that make up the activity, to measure the speeds of body segments and the forces that act on them, and in general to acquire accurate data on all aspects of the movement.” (Brancazio, 1984, p.18) It has been estimated that approximately a hundred different

Nelson Cortes, Eric Greska, Roger Kollock, Jatin Ambegaonkar, and James A. Onate (2013) Changes in Lower Extremity Biomechanics Due to a Short-Term Fatigue Protocol. Journal of Athletic Training: May/Jun 2013, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 306-313

In the study with trained soccer players, they saw no changed in any strength test for the Hamstring Curl group. At the same time, the Nordic Hamstring group should improvements in the same tests. Nordic Hamstring had increased hamstring torque by 11% and both the maximal isometric hamstring strength where improve at 90, 60, and 30 degrees (Mjolsnes et al). Even in untrained college students another study showed that eccentric strength training was more effect in peak isokinetic eccentric hamstring torque; the muscle contraction needed while sprinting, in comparison to concentric strength training (Kaminski et al.). The goal of all of this is to improve the athlete’s ability to have eccentric hamstring torque and that help reduce the amount of hamstring strains they

The current study used symmetry index as an indicator of coordination but no differences were found between the conditions. Another measure of coordination has been seen in research using electromyography (EMG) and it has been shown that external AF cues lead to efficient muscular contraction and better motor control performance. For example, Zachery et al. had participants shooting free-throw tasks under both internal and external AF conditions. EMG activity was measured from the biceps and triceps of the shooting arm. Their results demonstrated that with external focus shots were more accurate and EMG activity was lower with biceps and triceps19. In another study, Wulf et al. had participants complete the vertical jump-and-reach task and measured their jump height and EMG activity of lower-limb musculature. Their findings showed participants jumped higher and had EMG activity generally lower when focusing attention externally compared to focusing attention internally20. Lastly, Marchant et al. had participants complete isokinetic elbow flexion contractions using a Biodex. Authors reported a net joint torque at the elbow was larger and the EMG activity of the bicep brachii was decreased under external AF conditions 21. None of the studies above measured force production but claim enhanced neuromuscular control allowed for greater force generation. Therefore, when directing attention externally during max force generation tasks, muscle coordination patterns are optimized producing more efficient and effective

EMG - Motor Recruitment and Fatigue Author’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: EMG - Motor Recruitment and Fatigue Introduction The main purpose of this laboratory was to help understand the relationship between electrical activity in the forearm muscles, known as electromyography (EMG), and fatigue. By using the information obtained between EMG and Dynamometry (DYN), motor unit recruitment and skeletal muscle fatigue was examined. When a motor unit in the skeletal muscle is activated, it generates electrical impulse signals, which result in contraction of a muscle.

The Physiology of Movement SS4203 Name: Michelle Dullea Student ID: 15156524 Date: 25/11/2016 Lab 2; Characterisation of Joint angle- force Relationship Introduction: The aim of this lab report is to investigate the relationship between external joint angle and muscle force production. We measured maximal isometric strength in the quadriceps and hamstrings using the strain gauge system. The strain gauge allows force produced by the volunteers to be measured in Newtons.

(2002) used non-athletes (male physical education students) and tested the isokinetic torques of the hip extensors, knee extensors, and ankle plantar flexors. All joint torques were measure at angular velocities of 60/s, 120/s, and 180/s and were compared to jump performance. Jump performance was defined as the jump height and was measured with the countermovement jump and the squat jump. Tsiokanos et al. (2002) found a strong correlation between knee extensor peak torque (180/s) and countermovement jump height (r = 0.642, p < 0.01), which is in agreement with the findings from Harrison et al. (2013). Contrary to Harrison et al. (2013), Tsiokanos et al. (2002) found a moderate correlation between countermovement jump height and hip torques at

Muscular strength and endurance is also important to consider when looking at an individual’s overall fitness. In this lab, we performed the grip strength and it is used to assess injury or motivation. Also, it evaluates the strength the individual is using. Assessing muscular endurance is important to the clinician because it helps with exercise prescription, and it tells the clinician whether or not the individual has certain muscle weakness or imbalance that could make them more prone to

The younger students were brought in from local schools and competitive athletes came from different sports leagues and organizations from a variety of sports. If there were any signs of diagnosed musculoskeletal conditions or if they were on any types of medicines, they were excluded from the study. The participants only reported to the lab once during the study. pQCT was used to assess vBMC and Ar.muscle at various sites along the monodominant tibia. The only exception for usage of the dominate tibia was if there had been a fracture anytime during the 10 years leading up to the study. Each participant started in an upright position with feet hip wide apart. Once signaled, the participant began jumping repeatedly (15 jumps). Fm1LH was measured using the Leonardo Mechanograph and each m1LH was separated by 1 min of rest. Any jumps that included heel contact were excluded and that was visually controlled during the

According to Hébert-Losier et al. (2009) there are no consistent evaluation purpose, test parameters, outcome measurements, normative values, or reliability and validity are currently documented for the calf-raise tests. However, the calf-raise test still commonly used on the sports & exercise medicine settings and involves concentric-eccentric actions of the plantar-flexors in unipedal stance, with the total number of calf-raises completed documented as the primary outcome measure (Hébert-Losier, Schneiders, et al., 2009).