What Is Macroeconomic Depiction?

The housing crisis of 2008 can trace its origins back to the stock market trends of the mid- to late 90 's. During a period of extended growth in the stock market, increased individual wealth among investors led to generalized increases in spending, including in the housing market. With more disposable income in the pockets of consumers, the demand for housing increased in the late 90 's. Due to the fact that homes are large projects and their construction takes a large amount of time, the supply of homes in the market is inelastic on the short term. Because of the fixed supply of homes, as per the law of supply, which

With the consistent increase of property prices and more personal debt than ever before, we assume that there’s a housing bubble in Australia. The statistics show that from 2008 till now, property prices have been going up as a result of increased mortgage debt. When it slows down, that could cause a property crash. We are sure that there’s a housing bubble, but we cannot confirm when it will finally burst although a few area in Australia has already met a decrease of house prices. There are 3 indicators of the housing bubble in Australia.

1. If an economy produces final output worth $5 trillion, then the amount of gross

Meanwhile, yearly house price inflation rates in the top 20 cities are running in line with the national trend. The cities with the highest rates of increase are Seattle (+12%), Portland (+10%) and Dallas (+9%). Lower tier property prices appear to be more volatile than their high end counterparts in both Seattle and Portland. Meanwhile, the three cities with the lowest rates of house price inflation are New York (+3%), Washington (+4%) and Cleveland (+5%). Furthermore, rising house prices appear to be having an adverse impact on affordability. According to the National Association of Realtors, rising prices are offsetting higher disposable incomes and stable mortgage rates, and affordability has consequently been declining since January 2015. Partly driving the increase in prices is a lack of available supply of existing single family homes for sale. The number of months’ of unsold inventory was just below 4 in March and availability has been gradually falling since 2014. Additionally, there is a relatively tight supply situation for new single family homes for sale, which is also helping to support prices.

Housing affordability can be defined as the ability to access appropriate housing at tenure or price which is not a significant burden upon household income. (1, 2) Australia has seen a significant decline in housing affordability; average house prices have increased by 147% between 2001 and 2011. This was not matched by increases in income. (1) This decline can be attributed to economic growth, population growth, more accessible finance and incentives for owners and investors. These factors create an incentive to buy and store wealth in housing, resulting in overinvestment and house price inflation. (2, 3) Consequently, this results in depletion of affordable housing for low-income households and increases pressure on social housing stocks. (1, 4) Supply and demand has a significant effect on housing affordability. (1)

Macroeconomics is an excellent tool for the analysis of the housing industry as something like a capital good, as a home is considered to be, cannot easily be studied in a short-term platform. Real estate is a good that costs several times more than an average persons annual income, in the United States that number is typically 7 times as much, and in the United Kingdom that number is 14 times as much. Several factors of both supply and demand directly impact the housing market on a macroeconomic scale. (Business Economics, 1)

Recently, The Australian housing market has been growing rapidly which reflects the housing affordability crisis as the housing price rises much quickly than household incomes. There are two key observations of current Australian housing market from Yates, firstly today’s housing affordability problem is mainly a structural problem and intensified by cyclical pressures. It began 40 years ago when inflation switched focus on housing, besides, there are more renters than purchasers under today’s housing stress situation, and the housing

The Housing Industry Association of Australia (HIA) (Housing Industry Association, 2003, p. 14) estimates that, in the case of new housing, “the total indirect tax take is over $124,000 in Sydney and $88,000 in Melbourne”. In order to reduce the rate of house price inflation, the government was requested to reduce the current levels of charges. Owing to a number of interacting forces determining housing prices are unlikely to have the desired impact. What is more, the rising population in Australia results in the growth in the number of households, the main unit of demand in housing markets. Due to Immigration of other countries, this has been a fundamental factor of housing developments and price inflation in some areas over the long term. With the growth of economy and improvement of living standards, Australians are able to afford the house, leading to the price rise. It is likely that house price inflation can occur on some areas where the average incomes of individuals increased. In almost all societies, housing in behalf of the main family fortunes. When the value of existing house rise, the house owners and real estate companies would be confident to sell house with raising the housing

Considering the mean of the log house prices in a postcode as the key price variable, with another crucial measure of the housing market; the log of the number of sales in a postcode in the given year. Correlating the suburbs data by the distance between their centroid with the help of FindMap Pty Ltd. was done (Davidoff & Leigh, 2013).

This research topic is significant to the current property market in Singapore and its sudden increased demand for houses despite the economic downturn, exploring deeper as to whether the government policies were the real influential causes to this boom in property demand. It has relevance to the economic concepts of demand and supply, elasticity, inflation and monopolistic competition. This topic is worthy of investigation because it is a hot media topic in Singapore, and is widely debated in the country because it’s the most expensive household asset.[2]

Monetary policies play can or not play a major role in the housing developments. This all depends on the supporting evidences provided that aligns with the goals of the policy makers. In this scenario monetary policy was not the initial reason for the extraordinary strength in the housing markets. According this case study, a relationship between interest rates and housing activities is not adequate enough to explain the rise in residential investments or house prices. However some increase in housing markets can attest to lower interest rates and favourable monetary policies that followed after the 2011 recession, which was actually a small factor, As

Whereas, in 2008 to 2010 unemployment rates increased by around 3% in those three years (as shown in the UK unemployment rates graph) due to the recession. This meant that the demand for buying houses fell drastically and supply became elastic as people stopped buying as house prices became financially difficult to afford. This is because people’s incomes were falling or growing much slower giving them less confidence on whether they could afford such large mortgages. Statistics show that areas where unemployment is above the national average, incomes are more likely to be lower. This has a negative effect on consumers’ confidence to buy houses, implying an overall negative impact on house prices altogether.

In this report, the question “How much of the changes in the median selling price of homes in a city can be explained by the changes in median income of that city?” is answered. Home ownership is an important aspect of one’s life stages, and home prices are determined by demand and supply. The demand curve is affected by the one’s income, such that as one’s income increases, one is more willing to pay a higher price for the same quantity of goods (Baye & Prince, 2014). However, there are many other factors that might affect the demand curve, e.g. no. of children, in the household, the perceived quality of education in the school district, or the number of job positions (filled or open) around the city. According to Burda

A difficult characteristic to understand about the housing market is how a price is given for a particular house. That price will be designated to that particular house alone. All houses have various pricing, so I can’t always assume that one will cost more or less than any other. The pricing for houses vary based on their characteristics. Each characteristic must be analyzed to determine its contribution or detraction toward the price. I have taken some of these characteristics and modeled the relationship between them and the price of real estate for a specific area.

As per above diagram, per month rent of average houses in the UK has raised sharply over the period. In Northern Ireland, Rent price hasn’t changed significantly and it remained one of the cheapest area in UK with an average per month rent of almost 600 GBP in 20 12. However, London has indicated a huge growth. The price of rent has gone up from 1300 in 2006 to almost 2700 in 2012. This upward trend of rent in London influences the demand for house market to shift right –ward. As an illustration, if the price of rent goes up, it gives people a judgment to invest in house market and save the rent amount indirectly in property by giving monthly installments. In addition, renting house is considered to be a substitute to purchasing of it. So, if the price of a substitute product goes up (which is the case in London), the demand for product increases. As a result, by keeping all other factors constant, the demand of house in London has to increase if the price of renting house has increased.