What Is Olefin Metathesis?

Objective: The objective of this lab is to observe the synthesis of 1-bromobutane in an SN2 reaction, to see how a primary alky halide reacts with an alcohol.

The reaction involves a nucleophilic acyl substitution on an aldehyde, with the leaving group concurrently attacking another aldehyde in the second step. First the Potassium hydroxide attacks a carbonyl, which forms a tetahedral intermediate which then collapses when attacked by another hydroxide. The carbonyl is formed again when its hydride attacks another carbonyl. In the final step of the reaction, the acid and alkoxide ions formed exchange a proton. In the presence of a very high concentration of base, the aldehyde first forms a doubly charged anion from which a hydride ion is transferred to the second molecule of aldehyde to form carboxylate and alkoxide ions. Subsequently, the alkoxide ion acquires a proton from the solvent.

~ ~ is the simplest, and most important of the Alkenes. It is one of the most important Petrochemicals

The two remaining sp2 hybrid orbitals on oxygen are used to hold oxygen's lone pairs(bruice). O-ethylsaccharin is then less stable because the Ethyl group is attached to the Oxygen that used to be a carbonyl group, giving the Carbon an sp3 configuration (joined to two other carbons, the Oxygen with the Ethyl group and a Hydrogen). This put strain on the ring, and therefore is less stable.”(Richard y.a.). Upon mixing the reactants, sodium saccharin slightly dissolved producing a clear colorless liquid. When placed at 80°C hot bath, the solution completely dissolved and turned yellowish-green. Iodoethane is a clear and colorless liquid, but when exposed to light and air the Iodide dissociates from ethane and gives off a yellow color as a sign of decomposition. The solution was covered to prevent this from happening. But, as iodide dissociates from CH3CH2 that then gave off its yellowish color which shows SN2 reaction taking place. SN2 reaction happened fast The limiting Reagent is Iodoethane , as the alkylating agent; it was not used in excess and dictated how far the reaction went. The Na+ binds with I-(noted disappearance of the yellow color, as I- binds with Na+) then the ethane group bonds with either the Oxygen of saccharin or the Nitrogen of saccharin. The final product after vacuum filtration had some unreacted material, indicated by some yellow green solid formation.

Figure 1. Reaction mechanism for the reduction of cyclohexanone to adipic acid, using the oxidizing agent nitric acid.

1. Purpose: to clarify the mechanism for the cycloaddition reaction between benzonitrile oxide and an alkene, and to test the regiochemistry of the reaction between benzonitrile oxide and styrene.

Substitution reaction of Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl: the use of infrared spectroscopy as a structural tool in metal carbonyl chemistry.

The purpose of this experiment is to convert carbonyl compounds to alkenes using Wittig reaction. In this case we will be synthesizing Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene from benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 9-anthraldehyde. We will also aim to obtaining a high percent yield and purity for the synthesis of Trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene. The mechanism for this reaction goes thus:

15. An alkene with the molecular formula C8H16 undergoes ozonolysis to yield a mixture of

To stabilize the structure, the negative bromide was introduced via backside attack and made an anti product.

In practice, the most prominent product that is formed is the meso¬-stilbene dibromide. The experiment will focus on attempting to isolate meso-stilbene dibromide from the product mixture also containing dl-stilbene dibromide diastereomers. The success of this isolation will be measured by the melting point for purity reasons, and the percent yield of the product. Alkenes are quite reactive molecules due to their polarizable carbon to carbon pi bond. Addition reactions across a pi bond are common due to the fact that pi bonds are weaker than sigma bonds, at 60-65 kcal/mol and 80-100 kcal/mol respectively.

Thus one of the hydrogen atoms from BH now bears a partial negative charge, and hence becomes more nucleophilic. The breaking pi bond transfers its free electrons to form a bond between the partial positively charged boron atom and negatively charged carbon while the electrons from the boron-hydrogen bond help create the bond between the partially positive carbon and negatively charged hydrogen. This whole process occurs two more times, resulting in a boron atom attached to three of the same alkyl groups along with its vacant 2p orbital.

Lys-691 creates a hydrogen bond to the substrate but also stabilizes the negatively charged oxygen of the mevaldyl-CoA the linkages of hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. Probably, this also affects the formation of the intermediate products and transitions states that lead to their formation. It is known that these processes also lower the activation energy for the first step of reactions so that they can occur very easily (Figure 5).

Motivated by a curiosity about organic synthesis and desire to expand my knowledge beyond the classroom, I

In my sophomore year, I was intensely drawn to organic chemistry in Professor Thomas Maimone’s class. The elegant and logical framework of chemical transformations absorbed me. I learned the fundamental roles of organic chemistry in drug discovery and became increasingly interested in solving challenging synthetic problems. I enjoyed the thrill of composing creative pathways to generate complexity, but also found that my knowledge of organic transformations made me limited. Therefore, I fostered my chemical intuition on how and why reactions occur through select graduate-level organic chemistry coursework.