What Is Peptic Ulcer Disease?

The name for these erosions is aphthous ulcers. These erosions, after a while, start to deepen and grow in diameter. Once they reach a certain size, they can be referred to as ulcers. These ulcers can cause scarring and they can also cause the bowel to become stiff and lose its elasticity. As Crohn’s worsens, the bowel becomes obstructed once the passageways narrow enough. This obstruction can cause a buildup of food that is still being digested, fluid and gas that comes from the stomach. This obstruction will then prevent all of those products from entering into the colon. This will cause severe abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and even abdominal distention. If the ulcers located in the walls of the bowel become large or extreme enough, holes can form in the walls of the bowel. Once those holes are formed in the bowel, the bacteria normal to the bowel can then pass through those holes and spread to nearby organs and into the abdominal cavity causing what are called fistulas. These fistulas are like a channel/tunnel that is formed between the ulcer and the adjacent organ. Then when a fistula is created between the affected intestine and the bladder, it is called an enteric-vesicular fistula which can lead to UTI’s and feces being presented during urination. Next, when the fistula is formed between the intestine and skin, it is called an enteric-cutaneous fistula. What this fistula, pus and mucous exit the body through a painful opening found in the skin of the

Even though H. pylori is a "neutralophile", it can survive in the very acidic environment in the human stomach due to a variety of acidic-adaptive mechanisms, such as the ability to utilize urease to break down urea

This condition is characterized by symptoms and complications that result from reflux or back of gastric content into the esophagus that extent also into the oral cavity or even the lungs. Common signs and symptoms of this condition include heartburn( burning/stinging), and does note that radiates to the back such as in the case of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Furthermore, other symptoms patients may experience are a chronic cough, bronchospasm, chest pain not related to a cardiomyopathy, hoarseness, early satiety, abdominal fullness, bloating with belching. Complications related to this disorder are closely linked to esophageal ulceration, hematemesis, melena, stricture development(Dains, Baumann, & Scheibel,

ulcer causes the patient to suffer with pain, disfigurement, and prevents them from their daily

"Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease of the large intestine, also known as the colon, in which the lining of the colon becomes inflamed and develops tiny open sores, or ulcers, that produce pus and mucus. The combination of inflammation and ulceration can cause abdominal discomfort and frequent emptying of the colon.

H. pylori thrives in the acidic environment of the stomach and the finding that this bacteria contributed to the condition was remarkable news and led to the standard practice of treating peptic ulcers with antibiotics. As a result, the rate of H. pylori-induced ulcers has dropped by more than 50 percent. (Ackerman, 2012)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that inhabits the human stomach and has been linked as a risk factor for chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori is able to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach due to its urease enzyme which converts the urea in gastric juice to alkaline ammonia and carbon dioxide. Infection with H. pylori is generally contracted during childhood and can persist indefinitely if untreated. Possible risk factors for H. pylori infection include poor diet, poor hygiene, density, low socioeconomic status (SES), and family history of gastric disease. Studies have found an increased risk of infection with consuming food prepared under unsanitary conditions and a reduced risk with increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Poor hygiene

With regards to the peptic ulcer disease, the most common cause is H. pylori infection, thus, testing for it is essential in all patients with peptic ulcers (Anand, 2015). Upper GI endoscopy is the preferred diagnostic test in evaluating patients with symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. Non-invasive methods of detecting H.pylori infection includes fecal antigen testing, which identifies active H. pylori antigens in the stool, and urea breath tests.

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract. There are four types of ulcerative colitis. Ranging from most severe to least severe Pan-ulcerative colitis, left sided colitis, Proctosigmoiditis, and ulcerative proctitis. Though the causes are unknown there are possibly three factors which may play a part in the disease. The immune system, basically the immune system is fighting itself and inflaming the GI tract, environmental triggers such as certain bacteria’s, viruses, and genetic predisposition. (CrohnsandColitis) Also a lot of theories have been thrown out there, things like salmonella poisoning, and different strands of anti-biotics. (TheMedicalAdvisor)

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a disease/disorder of the Large intestine. It occurs in the colon and rectum areas only. When food passes through the Large Intestine, the body’s immune system may mistake the food materials, bacteria, etc as foreign invading agents and sends White blood cells (WBC) to defend the body.

Ulcerative colitis is a disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon, also known as the large bowel. The inflammation may be taking place in the whole colon consisting of the pancolitis and ulcerative proctisis or perhaps somewhere in between the two. Ulcers form were inflammation has killed the cells that usually line the colon, then

Dyspepsia is a functional upper GI disorder that causes upper abdominal pain or discomfort. This disorder affects up to 30% of the population. Non-ucler dyspepsia, also named functional dyspepsia, means that there is no found cause for the symptoms. Roughly six out of ten people affected by dyspepsia have non-ulcer dyspepsia. The pain it causes is typically constant although it can come and go in bouts. Dyspepsia is often caused by a stomach ucler, a duodenal ulcer, an inflamed esophagus, inflamed stomach or acid reflux disease. However, it can sometimes be caused by anti-inflammatory medicines. Although very rare, it can also be caused by stomach cancer.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition which is part of inflammatory bowel disease. It causes inflammation (swollen) in the GI tract. Usually swollen occurs in the large intestine (colon) and rectum. In this disease small sores (ulcer) develop on the innermost part of the colon and those ulcers produce pus and mucus. Because of the pus and mucus patient may feel abdominal discomfort.

As there are many causes of peptic ulcer disease, the number one causative agent is a Helicobacter pylori infection. This spiral shaped bacterium was known as far back as 1875. It was discovered that this bacteria inhabited the lining of the human stomach by German scientists. Unfortunately it was impossible to culture at the time so it fell by the wayside and was forgotten ( Hardy, J ). It wasn’t until 1979 that an Australian pathologist Robin Warren noticed that many of his patients who were suffering from gastric ulcers had mysterious bacteria clinging to the tissues of his biopsy specimens. He alongside with his associate physician Barry Marshall, worked endlessly to culture what they saw under the microscope. It was by accident in 1982 that they left their cultures incubating over a five day span and what they discovered upon returning

Peptic ulcer disease – PUD is one of the most common disease, affecting millions of Americans (Jill, 2015). Furthermore, peptic ulcers are a recurrent problem; unless patient is preventing recurrence.