What Is Pragmatic Equivalence

“The typology combines the one by the translation scholar Gideon Toury and the one by the cognitive linguist Zoltan Kövecses” (Schmidt, 2014, p.96). The model was classified into six types, referring to different methods of translating the subtitles with metaphor. “This typology was tested on a corpus of literary translations, and it proved to be adequate for the analysis of metaphor translation” (Schmidt, 2014, p.97). According to the terms and explanation from Schmidt’s theory, the types are defined as

Linguists revealed an overwhelming interest in the relevance- theoretic program which was outlined with more specific details in two works Relevance Theory: Some Basic Distinctions and Discourse Applications of Relevance Theory (Rouchota and Jucker, 1998:1). The theory kept evolving. Recently, it has been updated by Wilson and Sperber in 2004 and Wilson in 2010. At the same time, Clark's book published in 2013 which is entitled Relevance Theory can be considered as an introductory textbook to the theory (Huang,

Pragmatics describes how a word or phrase is used in a social context. One branch of pragmatics is humor. Often, jokes cannot be translated due to the peculiarities and idiosyncrasies of the original language. However, by learning a language, one can learn how to appreciate that language’s humor. Knowing a language’s humor shows that the speaker understands the language.

Throughout the years, we, translators, have been providing the mankind a service for them to communicate with each other. However, with the recent technologic advances, the necessity of translators have started to diminish little by little. Today in our mundane lives people use online translation websites powered by machine translation (MT) to ease their lives. Even so there are a lot of different views, which are mostly negative, about MT and its efficacy and future, as long as the technology advances, the function of MT will be enough to dominate the global market and this will be regarded as disqualification of translators. “Google translates more words in 1 minute than all human translators in one year!” and this statement won’t change

Newmark (1988) considered translation as a matter of choice. His idea is that translators should have the skill which enables them to decide upon the most appropriate equivalence. Translator’s choice depends on certain criteria in accordance with a specific theory. Regarding this matter, one of these problems was about how to achieve equivalence or the equivalent effect of the political terms or expressions. Wrong choice giving the inadequate or inaccurate translation.

For a long time in the 20th century, translation studies followed the linguistic tradition in assuming the notion of equivalence. Translation studies in the linguistic tradition have relied on the notion equivalence. Nowadays equivalence between words in a source text and a target language is also important but other requirements also need to be met. It is specifically apparent in translating scientific texts. One of the other criteria for translation is incorporation of the main ideas and broader meaning of the whole texts. The source text needs to be recognised and understood as a whole, not as sequence of sentences and paragraphs. It should concern the cultural

How do translators interact with the text to approach a successful solution in the translation process? The goal of this research is to discover the type of decision-making process student translators experience with relation Web resources access, given their need to seek, process, use, and generate a solution. These processes are analyzed and calculated through each participants’ screen recording and their post-translation interview. The student translators’ success rate does not necessary improve with an increased cognitive effort as their formulation to solve a translation problem is largely dependent on their Web search performance.

Finally, there are my experience and there are strengths and weaknesses in translation. If repeated the conversation I was practicing and training on the translation requirements and overcome most of the

What I experienced in speaking 7 different languages is that there are certain things that are just untranslatable between languages. In order to convey the same thought or message in different languages, I can’t directly translate word to word instead I have to use words that are appropriate in

Pragmatics in more recent years has begun to take relevance in the study of language and

According to Schmitt (2010), there are two approaches of pragmatics, a cognitive or psychological approach which is exploring the relation between linguistic meaning of utterances, the decontextualized, what speakers mean by their utterances on a particular situation and how hearer interpret those utterances on those particular situations. Cognitive approach was developed by philosophers Austin, Searle, and Grice. On the other hand, social pragmatics approach which focuses on the communicative exchanges between individuals in social, cultural and other contextual factors. Brown and Levinson (1978 - 1987) introduced face model of politeness to this approach.

This research paper shows the main advantages and disadvantages of using both translators, human and machine translators. Even though machine translation is widely used, it cannot give a fully understandable and correct translation on its own. Machine translation will never be fully independent from human translators. But even human translators on its own cannot do that much. It still needs a lot of translation tools.

In order to provide the wider information on speech acts and political discourse, the short definition of pragmatics needs to be presented, as the speech acts are deeply rooted in this particular field of linguistics. The presented paper provides the explanation of the term based mostly on the Yule’s (1996) definition of it. Pragmatics is field of study which very often is connected with semantics and syntax. Pragmatics is a study that focuses on the meaning behind the words that are produced by the speaker and received by the listener, whereas semantics focuses mostly on the words and structures as such, and syntax focuses on relation between different linguistic forms and its sequences (Yule 1996: 4). The term “pragmatics” was firstly presented as a field of linguistics “in the 1930s by Morris, Carnap, and Peirce, for whom (…) pragmatics addressed the relation of signs to their users and interpreters” (Horn and Ward 2006: xi). Yule, in his book Pragmatics (1996), provides a broad

Nevertheless, notwithstanding there is defects in translation, translation is never only about translating the word into accurate meanings. It is about creating common sense between two cultures. The idea of any system of language can not be simply translated without cultural background, which make cross-cultural communication between two totally different cultures seemed to be impossible. In early century, translation implies ‘negotiation’, a concept which refer to the exchange of ideas and the consequent modification of meanings. In that time,the relation between linguistic translation and cultural translation focused on the movement of ideas such as liberty, individualism and democracy. (P. Burke 2007) Accordingly the principle of translation is not accurately translating the component of the choice of words but the content and the main ideas. The theory of all human beings are able to feel and understand the cognition of the world gives translation chance

The second half of the last century have seen a great advance in translation field ( translation studies discipline ). Which make many translation scholars emphasis on the importantce of knowing the translation theory for the translators since the translation studies become a discipline.Mona Baker stats”