What Is St. Lucia?

In 1821 the Dominicans rebelled against their Spanish colonizers, and succeeded in declaring independence. However, it was only nine weeks before the country was again forced to submit to the rule of another sovereign nation, Haiti. As Jan Lundius and Mats Lundahl stated in their book Peasants and Religion: A socioeconomic study of Dios Olivorio and the Palma Sola Movement in the Dominican Republic: “In February 1822, the Haitian president, Jean-Pierre Boyer; gained control of the entire island of Hispaniola without resistance, at the head of a 12,000-man invading army. The Haitians were to stay until 1844, when the Spanish-speaking population which had revolted the year before proclaimed the free and independent Dominican Republic” (Lundahl pg. 425). This was a very radical occupation, where Boyer attempted to reshape the Dominican Republic to how he thought it should be. One of his largest projects, was the confiscation of church and immigrant lands, and subsequently its redistribution. This, coupled with the destruction of large plantations, created a peasant class for the first time in the Dominican Republic.

Despite living and looking like grand blancs, they were mistreated. Last came slaves. Now that the social classes have been explained, the Haitian Revolution and its relationship with the French one can be better understood.

On February 1736, James Oglethorpe and the first English settlers arrived on St. Simons Island. Then in March 1736, Reverend Charles Wesley, a Methodist, entered his ministry at Frederica. Georgia became a royal colony in 1752. The Revolutionary War prevented the establishment of an official church on St. Simons Island. Following the Revolutionary War, in 1808, Christ Church began. The small population on St. Simons possessed great beliefs and followed the teachings of Christ even though there was no church building until 1820. The first church, constructed on the same spot where the current church now stands.

It is hard to imagine a society where everyone speaks sign language regardless of their hearing abilities. It would be a marvel, such social cohesiveness and acceptance of deafness. Today, there is no such reality, although, it may come as a surprise to most, there was once a place where this was a reality. On an island off the coast of Massachusetts, called Martha’s Vineyard.

Macquarie Island is a natural site yet human research has helped the life on the island.

was made to take control over the Haitians (Dominican War of independence) this time it was successful. Juan

The new republic was founded on anti-Haitianism in reaction to the occupation and control by a commercial bourgeoisie, which inevitably caused factioning among supporters of independence and protectionism by Spain. Authoritarianism was employed by the factions—the protectionists,

The Haitian revolution took place in Saint-Domingue, a French colony and one of the richest of all European colonies in the Caribbean, on the western part of the island of Hispaniola, a major center of sugar production with hundreds of prosperous plantations. The population of the colony comprised of three groups, the white colonials, the gens de couleur, and the slaves. Many slaves ran away and established maroon communities that were self-sustained. As more and more slaves ran away, more and more slaves were being imported from Africa and other Caribbean islands, which resulted in the high prices of slaves. Since the French aided the North American colonists in their war for independence, they sent several hundreds of gens de couleur to the colonies. Once they returned to Saint-Domingue, they wanted independence themselves from the French.

As an island that has all the benefits from the French government, Martiniquais’ have continuously suffered from crises about their true identity. There has been a self-identity problem for centuries, starting with the abolition of slavery in 1848. Africans were transported to Martinique solely for the purpose of labor, and were erased of any their own personal cultural connections. The slaves were worked tirelessly until they were unable to pick their head up six days a week, and were kept in separate locations from each other so there would be no chance of communication or possible riots (Source – La savane des esclaves). They were not allowed to embrace their own culture. Martinique has been repeatedly captured and overthrown by both France

The haitian people ever since the haitian revolution has been the beacon of hope for the people of the Caribbean, they led the first successful revolution to completely free themselves from European rule under the French in 1804. As a result of their victory many european nations I guess you can say as a form of retribution  placed economic sanctions on the little island and forced the haitian people to pay France reparations for the losses accrued during the Haitian Revolution. Haiti once the beacon of hope and the wealthiest nation in the Caribbean had now become the poorest country in western hemisphere.

The sugar plantations increased the profit for the earlier settlers, because in this era sugar was uncommon. The money that entered Barbados from the sugar plantations brought political power to the owners who were controlling the economic aspects as well as in governmental offices. Land owners made it known to the slaves that they were the authority figure and they should not try to get out of line. “Its House of Assembly, which began meeting in 1639, is third-oldest legislative body in the Western Hemisphere, preceded only by Bermuda’s legislature and the Virginia House of Burgesses” (Country Watch, Inc., 2014) . This government wrote a democratic constitution which was used as a template by “the American Founding Fathers” (Country Watch, 2014) to draw up the United States Constitution. Sugar plantations were a successful commercial enterprise which raised a split in Barbados between large plantations and the early small farms resulting in these small farmers to leave. “Some of the displaced farmers relocated to British colonies in North America” (Barbados, 2011). In the years between 1663 through 1669 Barbados was hit with many natural disasters such as a locust plague, Bridgetown fire, a hurricane, drought and in other times too much rain which added to the island’s financial problems. Yet, the natural disasters did not stop the business men

     Things changed with the British Parliament’s abolishment of the slave trade in 1833. Freed slaves became independent farmers or employees of surviving sugar plantations. The government also changed from an elected British assembly to a governor–controlled crown colony enacted in 1866 and run for 75 years. During this political change, sugar industry slowed and the emergence of the banana industry became Jamaica’s main export (Encyclopedia Americana, 2001, P 673). Jamaica formed a two party system in its changes. The People’s National Party (PNP) and Jamaican Labor Party (JLP) would alternate rule for the 40 years. In 1953, Jamaica inaugurated a ministerial system of government. Within this system the Federation of the West Indies was created in 1958, with Jamaica as its largest member. Jamaica’s true independence came four years later with its withdrawal from the federation.

To begin Latin America and the Caribbean as many countries that make up it group of countries. These countries each have an individual national identity which can be built in bountiful of ways. Firstly, a national identity is something that can presented by a single country using the greater of a wealth of topics, for example politics, culture, historical, climate and tourist attraction, this is just a small amount that can make up a country national identity. The country that this writing assignment is specifically about the one country of The Bahamas. The Bahamas as a country has many elements to its national identity and many of those elements will be discussed in detail throughout this paper. The first component of that national

The formulation of the National Assembly in St. Domingue gave way to numerous minor revolts, which occurred. Therefore, this factor was also responsible for the outbreak of the Haitian revolution. The grand blancs denied the mulattoes representation in the assembly, but later on, managed to pacify the colored’s by allowing them equality with the whites in the military. However, in

Enticingly, the Spanish colonists came to this land with a passionate goal to develop the land and extract its natural resources for their profit. To this day, the Spanish’s action on this land has brought prosperity and has propagated California to be the leading roles in the innovation of new technologies and the production of movies. Despite of having this reputation, people seldom discuss on the origin of the land. When the Spanish came, the Indian are the inhabitants of the land; ruling the land and surviving with all the natural resource. As history is depicted by the victor, the fate of the right owner of the land has always been untold. Their once peaceful time had ceased to continue as the Spanish colonized and stole the land from the Indian. Trickeries and militaries were used by the colonists to exploit the land for their benefits. The Indian population begin to decline as the newcomers were “[gobbling] up native foods and undermined the free or “gentile” tribes efforts to remain economically independent” and the outbreak epidemic of “European diseases” had declined “60% of the population of mission Indians (Castillo). To not disremember the suffering of their people, poems like Indian Cartography by Deborah Miranda and Itch Like Crazy: Resistance by Wendy Rose are composed to capture their heart-breaking moments and to disclose their suffering to the world, but both poems have a different goals: Indian Cartography emphasizes on sympathy; while Itch Like Crazy