What Is Statistics?

To view the research on an interval scale, the research data can be drawn from the actual number average of grades within the classroom for each student. Interval scale refers to the difference between intervals being of equal distance. For instance the different from 99 to 100 is the same as the difference between 0 and 1.

Ch. 2 – Who are the various users of assessment and its results? What specific instructional decisions can be made based on assessment results? Why must we build balanced assessment systems to support the instructional programs we offer students? This chapter nails down the purpose of assessing, which is gathering information to inform teachers of students of their instruction and learning, respectively. In this way, assessment is individualized to each student and classroom, and because all students/classes are different, it should inform the teachers of what is working or not working in the classroom, which should then influence some sort of change to instruction. This chapter also talks about the different levels of assessment – from the individuals

This study also stated that, “every standardized test has a certain “error of measurement” which means that a given score could actually be off by several points in either direction. High stakes, however, have single scores as the cut-off point. Those scores do not account for the inaccuracies that all test publishers acknowledge”(azstandards). There have been many studies in which students take the same test on different days, and their score varies greatly. High stakes testing does not give any consideration to these errors.

Assessment as learning for students will occur mainly in their interactions with other students. As students listen to what their peers are saying, they will learn new ideas. This engagement and participation will be good learning experiences that the students have throughout this unit. Students can use personal knowledge to construct meaning and monitor what they don’t understand something. Student’s routines reflect their work and I can make judgments about what they have already read. Student will use rubric to assess their journal. The student

In our textbook, Stephen Lucas (2012) writes, “Darrell Huff exploded the notion that numbers don’t lie. Strictly speaking, they don’t. But they can be easily manipulated and distorted” (Lucas, 2012, p. 148). He then gives examples of how easily statistics can be used to deceive instead of inform. Statements that are made can have some truth to them. However, they tend to omit certain specifics that could persuade one to believe that it is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. Statistics can be used to mislead invalidating a theory or to support an opinion.

Many students have experienced the joy of test-taking. For some people, tests do not bother them. However, many experience test anxiety especially for these more high-stake tests. There are many different standardized tests such as: SOLs, SATs, ACTs, and college entrance exams. These standardized tests are not efficient tools for determining the knowledge of students. People respond differently on tests depending on the testing environment and how their day has been. However, others argue that standardized tests show grades each individual student has truly earned. Standardized tests are stressful, they do not represent a student’s understanding of material well, and they interfere with the way teachers want to teach.

Classroom assessment involves the professional decision of the teacher to determine how to implement assessment, what should be assessed, and when should assessment occur. Teachers must be able to interpret each students’ unique learning abilities in ways that are credible, fair, and free from bias. Possible factors to consider when creating these multiple formats for assessments include gender, ethnicity, culture, socio-economic backgrounds, and special needs. Each and every student in the classroom should be give the same opportunity to display their strengths. And it is important for teachers to properly manage an assessment plan that will benefit students, as well as the teachers, in the classroom. Eventually, a well-constructed assessment plan will be able to contribute to the development of lifelong learners within the teacher and the students.

Over the years, many have debated over the fairness and reliability of standardized tests. This dispute not only impacts students, but also teachers and administrators, many of whose jobs are placed on the line when test scores come back. Some say that these tests should be done away with while others argue that they are necessary for determining knowledge gained in the classroom. Another argument for tests is that they place students that may not have the same opportunities on a level playing field. The ACT, SAT, and other similar tests are the best way to test not only content knowledge, but also students’ ability to perform under pressure, a necessary ability needed to succeed in college and the workforce.

For many years now, standardized tests are used in most schools and institutions. The assessments are a way to measure the student’s intellect and prepare students for the real world. The standardized tests are timed and each student is given the chance to answer the multiple choice questions, true or false, or fill in the blank to the best of their ability. The evaluation measures the beginner performance and prepare them for college. Most of these exams are important for graduate or undergraduate programs. Most of the schools around the world have standardized testing in their class to grade the student. Some schools do not use computerizing scoring because they want to remove any bias that is happening. The students strive their best to

Assessment and evaluation aid in determining whether or not learning objectives are being met. For example, assessment improves students learning by providing them with valid information to promote students’ achievements (Watson, 2015). Also, teachers’ assessment of student learning and performance is essential in a clinical setting (Oermann, 2013). Furthermore, assessment gathers, summarizes, interprets, and utilizes data determine the degree to make a successful action (Bastable, 2014). Therefore, teachers may write test items and analyze their results. Educators may also develop rating scales and other clinical evaluation or observe

The given information is related to 30 major League Baseball teams for the 2012 season. Here, the sample size is large (n 230) but the population standard deviation (a) is unknown. So, apply one sample t confidence intervals. Find the 95% confidence interval for the mean number of home runs per team. Using MINITAB, following are the steps to obtain the 95% confidence intervals for the population mean. 1) Import the data into one column named as RUNS, 2) Choose Stat Basic Statistics 21-Sample t... 3) Select the Samples in columns option button, 4) Click in the Samples in columns text box and specify RUNS. 5) Click the Options...button, 6) Enter 95% in the confidence level text box. 7) Click the arrow button at the right of the Alternative drop-down list box and select not equal, 8) Click OK twice. output: One-Sample T Runs Variable 30 164.47 32.97 Mean StDev SE Mean 955 CI Runs 6.02 (152.15, 176.78) From the above output, the 95% confidence interval for the mean number of home runs per team is lies between 152.15 and 176.78

“Reliability of assessment refers … [to] when an assessment provides an accurate and precise measurement of student learning [as] it will yield the same, consistent result regardless of when the assessment occurs or who does the marking” (Griffith University, 2016a, para. 1).

Imagine you are a student, sitting at a common desk in a dull classroom. In front of you is an oversized timer seeming to dare you to feel the slightest bit of comfort in its presence. From atop your mountain of stress you stare intently at the standardized test that will have a say in your future as a student and as a functioning member of society. But despite your teacher’s plea for good test scores you start to wonder, do standardized tests effectively measure our abilities? Standardized tests do not effectively measure our abilities because they prevent teachers from individual teaching, do not reveal the true talents of students, and create the wrong curriculum for teaching.

As a Middle School Language Arts teacher, I have found that assessments are a daily part of our job. Everything that my students do in the classroom ultimately ends up being assessed in some sort of way. I must admit that it can at times be overwhelming for assessments to be such a huge part of our curriculum; I understand the necessity of each one. I haven’t always been focused as intently on assessments. I really didn’t consider the importance of assessments as much. As I gained experience and knowledge I realized that assessing my students provides me with information that makes my job more successful. I believe to effectively teach my students, I must understand and implement the right assessments properly. My assessment philosophy is that to be able to ensure our students are learning and that we are teaching the right way we must include proper assessment for validation. With that being said it is very important to use different forms of assessments to gauge student performance. One of the outstanding features of studies of assessment in recent years has been the shift in the focus of attention, towards greater interest In the interactions between assessment and classroom learning and away from concentration on the properties of restricted forms of test which are only weakly linked to the learning experiences of students (Black 2015) This research supports the idea that assessments

Many aspects of students’ lives dwell on how they do on tests, such as the ACT, SAT, or even their basic grades to be accepted in to college. The tests need to be designed to accurately gather information on the knowledge of the student, the ACT only asks you a hand full of questions on basic subject yet take math for instance there are thousands of areas in math to understand and master. Not only are there more than very specific questions asked the tests do not take in to account the different ways people solve problems such as having to write out question. Some students such as myself cannot do mental math and it takes us longer to understand the question we are being asked to evaluate, yet the ACT is a timed test. This creates a bias in the system that students don’t know math were the real problem could either be test anxiety or a lack of time given to properly complete the test. Testing is deeply rooted in students’ lives, making it an ever more pressing matter to fix the issues that concern us