What Is The Cerebellum?

Environmental: A child’s environment plays a big role in their development. Exposure to different forms of activities that exercise the analytical and creative sides of the brain are important.

In the article “Study: Early clue to why some children may have reading woes,” by Lauren Neergaard, Associated Press (08/19/15), it is claimed that scientists are looking for children as young as 3 at risk for learning difficulties. It explains how if the research go far, it may provide them “a biological looking glass,” saying if you have a 3 year old who is at risk, you should start improving their life so you do not lose their further learning experience. The author supports her statement by giving details and information about brain processing development. In order to approach their research, they attached a type of electrodes to children’s scalps and record patterns

The part of the brain that I picked is the Cerebellum. The Cerebellum is the part of the brain at the back of the skull in the vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity. The Cerebellum is located behind the top part of the brain stem, it is where the spinal cord meets the brain, the Cerebellum is made of two hemispheres. The Cerebellum receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other different parts of the brain, and then it also regulates motor movements. The Cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, and then it results in smooth and balanced muscular activity.

Kee received services in school twice a week beginning in kindergarten and continued for two years. Since Kee was able to receive treatment at a young age, he was dismissed from therapy in the middle of second grade due to his satisfactory process. Now, as a fifth grader, Kee has no remnants of the articulation problem he experienced as a younger child. Some intervention methods that could have been used to benefit Kee are the bottom-up drill, language based approaches, or phonological-based approaches. It also may be important to work on articulating each phoneme - starting with just the sound, then a word, and then building towards phrase-level articulation. Using different techniques allows the SLP to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the patients and utilize their skills to produce the essential

Infant learning and brain development is fragile and contingent upon numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most critical time frame for infant brain development is from the second trimester to the first three months of life (Marshall, 2011). During this time, neural pathways are forming, areas of the brain are maturing, and brain development is rapid. From infancy until the age of 3 years, neural pathways are still being formed in response to stimulation and for this reason, it is extremely important for caregivers and parents to be aware of the many factors that can influence brain development in infants (Marshall, 2011).

Medulla and cerebellum are the two important part of our brain. Medulla is located in the brain stem, it sits below the pons and above the spinal cord. Medulla is a major relay point that receive and send information between the brain and our body back and forth. Medulla directly control many autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses, for instance, it controls the blood vessel dilation to increase or decrease oxygen flow and respond to heart functions; it controls digestion to turn on or off during the "fight" or "flight" scenarios; it also controls sneezing and coughing to dispel particles from the nose; swallowing and vomiting to get rid of the bacteria or poisons that could harm our body. It controls when these activities start, when they stop and how fast they go at the right time. If medulla is damaged, people may lose the sense of touch and muscle coordination. They might have trouble breathing, coughing, swallowing and vomiting, they may not able to sense or detect pain or the changes of temperature.

PML is a rare brain demyelinating pathology, characterized by the infection of glial cells, affecting predominantly adults and only occasionally children. Patients have neuropsychological deficits at the time of the onset of the disease. Common symptoms are: motor deficits, altered state of consciousness, visual disturbances and ataxia. However, there are also atypical manifestations that include cerebellar syndrome, meningitis, and meningoencephalitis, progressive myoclonic ataxia, muscular degeneration associated with signs extrapyramidal (Fig.).

Most children learn about the surrounding world by physically interacting with it. For them, life is movement and sensory stimulation (Piaget, 1952).

Although the brain can be viewed as different brain regions, these regions couldn’t work independently. Each brain region can affect and effect on the other regions either directly or indirectly. While the decreased dopamine level in the basal ganglia represents the major target for clinical and experimental research (Hornykiewicz, 2006), much evidence suggests the involvement of cerebellum dysfunction in addition to basal ganglia in mediating many of Parkinsonian symptoms (Wu and Hallett, 2013).

“The brain is an incredibly complex organ with differentiated parts. One of the major theories about brain processing, hemisphericity, maintains that each of the brain's two hemispheres possesses unique features and specialize in different functions” (Farmer, 2004, p. 27). Graduate students from Harvard have a difference of opinions from typical research about brain function and learning:

Is a place in the brain that contains at lest 50% of neurones in brain. Consists of two

The cerebellum (or ‘Little Brain’) is an area located at the back of the brain, positioned underneath the occipital and temporal lobes [Figure 1]. The structure’s main purpose is the fine-tuning of movement, and maintaining posture and balance. The cerebellum is commonly thought of as a motor system, because it is mostly involved in outputting to the movement (motor) system. However, the cerebellum’s purpose is not the creation of motor commands, rather the moderation and adaptation of commands to increase their accuracy. It also uses a surprisingly large amount of neurons relative to its size: although it is only approximately 10% of the brain’s total volume, it accounts for over 50% of the total number of neurons in the

Cerebellum - The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance. This also controls muscle tone and equilibrium. It regulates movements by using the sensory information received from the spinal cord and other areas of the brain. The cerebellum also helps individuals to know the position of their body in space. Although small in size, the cerebellum accounts for ten percent of the brain's weight. Also, it holds about fifty percent of the neurons in the brain. If the cerebellum becomes damage, individuals will become unbalanced and unable to complete complex task without shaking. They will also have development problems with speech.

The Amygdala is apart of the Limbic system its primary function is that it influences our emotional control, motivation, fear response and interpretations of nonverbal emotional expressions (facial and bodily expressions) (Ciccarelli & White, 2014). For some reason, explained by many but I'm going off of the book and one other source with two differing opinions on how the amygdala is involved with fear and the memory of (Ciccarelli & White, 2014).

Located at the base of the brain, the cerebellum connects to the spinal cord and coordinates voluntary movements. There are three parts to the cerebellum but in the interests of answering this question, the focus will concentrate on the vestibulocerebellum. The vestibulocerebellum is a complex system controlling balance due to its connection to the vestibular canals of the inner ear (Knierim, 1997). The specialised nerve endings inside these structures detect the position and movement of the head as well as changes in position. This input is vital to the brain’s ability to affect muscle tone and coordinate the muscles that maintain balance in standing and walking, as well as controlling extraocular muscles (Purves, Augustine & Fitzpatrick,