What Is The Nature Of Two Physiological Disorders

Cerebral vascular accident or a stroke is the destruction of brain substance, resulting from thrombosis, intracranial hemorrhage, or embolism, which causes vascular insufficiency. In addition, it is an area of the brain denied blood and oxygen that is required and damage is done to a part of the cells. The effect of the patient depends upon where the damage occurs and the severity of the stroke.

Strokes are caused by a block in the blood supply to the brain which causes a decrease in oxygen and delivery of other important supplies which facilitate proper functioning. Fifteen million cases are reported worldwide annually, although not all of these cases are mortalities, the large prevalence of strokes ranks it as the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. (Figueroa) Because of the time sensitivity associated with the lack of resources to the brain, strokes are considered a medical emergency and early recognition of symptoms can help decrease the amount of damage caused . Although strokes do not always cause death, strokes most often leave the individual with some physical and cognitive impairment.

The two physiological disorders that I am going to talk about are Diabetes and Asthma.

Hemorrhagic strokes may be intracerebral (within the brain) or subarachnoid which occur from an aneurysm or atypical blood vessels.

The two physiological disorders I will be talking about in this assignment is hypertension and Diabetes.

Ischemic stroke is the blockage of blood vessels in the brain as a result of blood clots (thrombi), causing the portions of the brain nourished by the vessel and its tributaries to be starved of nutrients, poisoned, and to eventually die (“Symptoms

A stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease that affects the cerebral arteries, those blood vessels that carry blood to the brain. A stroke occurs when one of those blood vessels in the brain is obstructed or ruptures flooding the brain with blood. Depriving blood and oxygen to the brain results in those immediate cells death, causing the brain not to function properly. Once parts of the brain stop functioning, it can directly affect the areas of the body controlled (1).

As mentioned above, strokes are pathophysiological changes. Ischemia which accounts for 87% of all strokes is a decrease or absent circulating blood which deprives neurons of necessary substrates. As there is no storage of glucose in the brain it leaves no opportunity for the chief ingredient for energy substrate and is incapable of anaerobic metabolism (Shah, MD, n.d.). Ischemia is a medical condition diagnosed when tissues do not have a sufficient oxygen supply, therefor resulting in a decrease in ATP energy, leading to necrosis of tissue. Decreased oxygen supply to tissue (ischemia) is caused by a blockage in an artery mainly from an embolism. An embolism is the breakage of an atherosclerosis formed in any coronary arteries. This floats freely in the blood stream, which eventually may plug a major artery in the brain (stroke), heart (MI) or lungs (lung failure). A thrombus occurs when an already

A CVA occurs when a part of the brain is damaged or destroyed due to an interruption of blood flow to the area resulting in brain cell death (Martini, Nath & Bartholomew 2015 pp. 496-470).There are two main types of a CVA, Ischaemic stroke and Haemorrhagic stroke (AIHW 2013). The most common cause of stroke is ischaemic, which can be caused by embolism/thrombosis (AIHW 2013). An embolism/thrombosis occurs when there is a clot in an artery or vein, which stops blood flow to the brain (AIHW 2013). A haemorrhagic stroke is when an artery ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain tissue (AIHW 2013). This form of stroke occurs when blood pools and forms a clot therefore putting pressure on the area of the brain depriving it of oxygen and nutrients it needs to remain healthy (AIHW 2013).

Often times, doctors will typically call a stroke a “brain attack” because the events that transpire resemble those that occur during a heart attack (Wang and Aamodt, 2010). Blood supplies a constant source of oxygen to the brain. However, a stroke occurs when that blood supply to any given part of the brain is suddenly ceased. If the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted this leads to the deprivation of oxygen and glucose to that area. The brain cells that are prevented from acquiring these substances, especially oxygen, will be quickly killed off. Strokes can be categorized into two classes: Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes (Lindley, 2008).

Stroke also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI), or a brain attack. A brain attack is the loss of brain function by the cause of disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This disturbance occurs due to either one of two causes which are ischemia (lack of blood flow) or a hemorrhage (high increase of blood flow directly into brain; parenchyma or into the subarachnoid space which surrounds the brain with tissue). Ischemia is a formation by a blood clot that is inside of a blood vessel located in the circulatory system called thrombosis or arterial embolism; which is a rapid interruption in the supply of blood flow to an organ or body part due to a clogged artery blocking the blood flow. Thrombosis is a

It is “a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of a brain” (Hincle & Cheever, 2014). The type of stroke Patient S experienced was assumed to be from hyperlipidemia. An atherosclerotic plaque can form in the large blood vessels in the brain. When the plaque become big enough, it can rupture or a small bit may break off and flow into small arteries, which may block the smaller artery. If the artery is occluded, blood cannot flow to certain parts of the brain and an ischemic stroke can occur. Hypertension is a major risk for strokes as well as atrial fibrillation. These diseases increase the risk of an emboli or plaque

Hemorrhagic stroke is, the less common types of CVA, nearly 13% is all stroke cases and is a result from bleeding into the brain tissue itself (Intracerebral and intraparenchymal hemorrhage) or into subarachnoid space or the ventricles (subarachnoid hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage). This type of stroke is further subdivided into:

2) An example of a disease would be masturbation. It causes a multitude of symptoms, and can even cause death.

The cerebrovascular accident occurs due to a sudden death of some brain cells by a lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain. When it occurs, it can leave some sort of body function deficit. The pathologic of cerebrovascular accident can be categorized into two types the hemorrhage stroke and the ischemic stroke. The ischemic occurs with a blockage of a blood clot that causes a lack of blood supply in the brain tissues. In the hemorrhage stroke, on the other hand, it occurs due to a rupture of a blood vessel (artery aneurysm) which result of bleeding in the brain area. The ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke Thompson and Lindholm (2014), stated that about 80 out of 100 strokes are ischemic strokes. The most common cause of the hemorrhagic stroke is due to a