What Is The Psychoananalytic Literary Theory

While literature is can be for entertainment, it is also used to teach a lesson or get a point across. Throughout a literary work, an author will include many possible topics, themes, theories, archetypes, symbols, and ideas to teach their lesson or make their point. As one reads through “The Old Man Slave and the Mastiff,” written by Patrick Chamoiseau, it is important to know that the author is not only highlighting the life of a slave, but also expressing everyday struggles through the parallels of the story. While the story focuses on the life of slavery, the Master of the plantation, and a mastiff, it is imperative to analyze the different archetypes in the story. The archetypes are “recurrent as a symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology” (Archetypal). “The Old Man Slave and the Mastiff” is comprised of the following literary archetypes: a hero, a dog, a master, and slaves.

Rudolfo Anaya, author of “Bless Me, Ultima”, uses an analogy of a lake during one of his interviews. He states that the top of the lake is the story and as you go deeper into it, you discover several important symbols and archetypes. The archetypes he uses connects the audience to the “the collective memory” and “connects us to every human being who has ever existed”. Archetypes help authors develop their stories and/or novels with characters that symbolize something meaningful. People often can relate to certain books because of author ’s uses of archetypes.

In many works of literature, many archetypes (or symbols) are used to help the reader understand the story of a hero’s quest. In the Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, the hero has to go on a fatal journey to uphold the reputation of Camelot. While enduring that journey, Gawain has to conquer many trails. Gawain’s succession of trials leaves the hero, like Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner, a “sadder but wiser man.” With all the trials that Gawins intakes, many archetypal characters contribute to the theme of the story.

With every corner we turn in today’s culture, we become more and more aware of the archetypes that surround us. Archetypes are the works of a typical character, situation, setting, or symbol that can be found in fantasy and reality. An example would be the renowned medieval story Sir Gawain and the Green Knight by Pearl Poet. The author permeates the story with situational, symbolic, and character archetypes that illustrate the profound life of Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain was apprehensive of his journey at first, but as time passes, he began to make choices that unveils to the audience the true flawed knight that he was.

Throughout literature, symbolism is an aspect that is seen in every novel written. Authors use universal symbols, otherwise known as archetypes, to convey their points to the audience. In Joseph M. Marshall III’s work, The Journey of Crazy Horse: A Lakota History, multiple symbols appear to reflect the growth and journey of Crazy Horse. The most important symbol is a constant re-occurrence in this biographical novel. This symbol is the bow and arrow revolves around Crazy Horse’s journey from beginning to end. Multiple other symbols appear in this biographical novel, but none stand out as much as the bow and arrow.

Characters from one story to another may have different names, but their characteristics are often repeated. Applying Archetypal Theory to a text allows readers to recognize universal symbols, motifs, and patterns that appear in literature, myths, dreams, oral traditions, songs, and religions. Archetypal critics believe certain images, characters, and character types recur in literature, and all plots and characters are based on common myths, images, dreams, fairy tales, and legends (Davidson). Common character types are revealed when applying Archetypal Theory to Julia Alvarez’s novel, In the Time of the Butterflies, helping readers understand each character’s motivations. Particularly, common character types of the rebel, the ruler, and

Another symbol to acknowledge in the story is the serpent. The serpent came in the story in a stick figure way. “This is a dull pace for the beginning of a journey”. The sneaky serpent confided this saying to

Love between two genders is one of the most common themes in writing. In literature, love is often praised, appreciated and cherished. Another common theme in writing is the looming specter of inequality between men and women, which has been strongly depicted throughout history and is still worryingly present in the world today. It is extremely interesting to realize that though love is treasured and valued, in most cases, it takes both genders to create love, and those genders are often separated by inequality. Both these themes coincide well together; the clash of love and gender inequality is interestingly captivating. In John Updikes A&P and Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants, both stories send a conclusive message to the reader that equality between both sexes in love and attraction is almost impossible; one gender will always be more powerful than the other.

An American poet once stated, “Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree” (Pound). Every piece of literature has an impactful underlying meaning and can be interpreted into universal symbols, motifs, and patterns. Archetypal Criticism is a theory based off common myths, images, and symbols in literature. The definition of an archetype can be defined as a very typical example of a certain person or thing (Davidson). With that being said, readers can apply Archetypal Criticism to In the Time of the Butterflies by Julia Alvarez. Alvarez uses common character types, like the hero and the villain, and also uses the symbol of butterflies in her novel.

of one, we see just how strong its symbolism in the novel is. The use of this archetype

Symbols are important in each story to define the theme. Close observation of the symbols within each story proves to one their

In the two stories “Desiree’s Baby” and “Lamb Of The Slaughter” the author portrays a selfsame story that shows a wife and a husband who adored one another, but doesn't stay like that transiently. Both story have complications and explication. The theme of the story is love is something you don’t take for granted it takes a strong emotional couple to keep stable

The traditions of storytelling have long been used as a means to impart wisdom and life lessons to others. One of the most effective ways in which this is done is through the use of archetypes. While it is possible to look at these images in a general way, one may also focus an analysis on a single tale. In this way it is possible to explore the particular images used and their significance in a given situation, (often a coming of age rite of

Archetypes are used in literature to portray a certain meaning, that helps create a better and more meaningful story. The archetypes used can be embedded in the characters, symbols, or even rituals involved in a story. These archetypes can help give deeper meaning to the story by giving a underlying reference to concepts that are used over and over again in literature throughout history. When an author uses an archetype in his or her writing, they link it to many other stories that use that same archetype. Some do this for a reason, to give an underlying meaning, to symbolized something of importance, or even just to make their story more interesting. Many readers may not notice the underlying archetype, but sometimes the author uses them because he or she knows that the reader will.

An American poet once stated, “Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree” (Pound). Every piece of literature has an impactful underlying meaning and can be interpreted into universal symbols, motifs, and patterns. Archetypal Criticism is a theory based off common myths, images, and symbols in literature. The definition of an archetypal can be defined as a very typical example of a certain person or thing (Davidson). With that being said, readers can apply Archetypal Criticism to In the Time of the Butterflies by Julia Alvarez. Alvarez uses common character types, like the hero and the villain, and also uses the symbol of butterflies in her novel.